Geometry and physics of the Geant4 toolkit for high and medium energy applications

Apostolakis, J.; Asai, M.; Bogdanov, A. G.; Burkhardt, H.; Cosmo, G.; Elles, S.; Folger, G.; Grichine, V.; Gumplinger, P.; Heikkinen, Anna Maria; Hřivnáčová, I.; Ivanchenko, V. N.; Jacquemier, J.; Koi, T.; Кокоулин, Р. П.; Kossov, M.; Kurashige, H.; McLaren, Ian A.; Link, Oscar; Maire, M.; Pokorski, Witold; Sasaki, Takashi; Starkov, N.; Urbán, László; Wright, D.

doi:10.1016/j.radphyschem.2009.04.026

Cited by 109 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…We study primary and secondary reactions induced by 600 MeV proton beams in monolithic cylindrical targets made of natural tungsten and uranium by using Monte Carlo simulations with the Geant4 toolkit [1][2][3]. Bertini intranuclear cascade model, Binary cascade model and IntraNuclear Cascade Liège (INCL) with ABLA model [4] were used as calculational options to describe nuclear reactions.…”

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Modeling spallation reactions in tungsten and uranium targets with the Geant4 toolkit

Malyshkin

Pshenichnov

Mishustin

et al. 2012

EPJ Web of Conferences

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Abstract. We study primary and secondary reactions induced by 600 MeV proton beams in monolithic cylindrical targets made of natural tungsten and uranium by using Monte Carlo simulations with the Geant4 toolkit [1][2][3]. Bertini intranuclear cascade model, Binary cascade model and IntraNuclear Cascade Liège (INCL) with ABLA model [4] were used as calculational options to describe nuclear reactions. Fission cross sections, neutron multiplicity and mass distributions of fragments for 238 U fission induced by 25.6 and 62.9 MeV protons are calculated and compared to recent experimental data [5]. Time distributions of neutron leakage from the targets and heat depositions are calculated. MotivationOne of the most important applications of high-energy accelerators is to produce neutrons in protoninduced spallation reactions on extended targets made of heavy materials. In this way neutron spallation sources operate, see, e.g., [6] and [7], providing neutrons for neutron scattering experiments and material research. Neutrons produced by energetic protons can be also used to maintain a chain of nuclear fission reactions in a subcritical assembly of an accelerator-driven system (ADS) for nuclear waste incineration [8,9]. In all such cases the neutron flux around the spallation target has to be thoroughly quantified. In particular, the time dependence of the neutron flux on the surface of the spallation target is of a special concern. SimulationsNeutron production by 600 MeV proton beam in monolithic non-fissile and fissile cylindrical targets are studied my Monte Carlo Simulations. A dedicated software called MCADS (Monte Carlo for Accelerated Driven Systems) was created in FIAS. It is based on the Geant4 toolkit, which is widely used nowadays in nuclear and particle physics.We consider spallation targets made of natural tungsten, uranium and also of 238 U. The latter material was used in validating Geant4 fission models. The radius of these cylindrical targets was taken as 10 cm and the length as (1) 1 cm for the fission studies making multiple interactions of beam protons improbable, and (2) 20 cm for the neutron yields and energy deposition calculations ensuring that all beam protons are absorbed inside the target.Visualization of a history of one proton and all secondary particles is shown on Fig. 1.

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Modeling spallation reactions in tungsten and uranium targets with the Geant4 toolkit

Malyshkin

Pshenichnov

Mishustin

et al. 2012

EPJ Web of Conferences

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“…In recent years, new developments 5,6) were carried out respectively addressing Geant4 electromagnetic (EM) physics models and software infrastructure. Major updates of software for ion transport 7) are aimed to improve models for energy loss which is the most important factor to determine depth-dose distribution as follows.…”

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Validation of New Geant4 Electromagnetic Physics Models for Ion Therapy Applications

Toshito¹,

Bagulya²,

Lechner

et al. 2011

Progress in Nuclear Science and Technology

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We have developed simulation codes to handle electromagnetic process in Geant4 in an attempt to improve the accuracy of dose calculations for ion radiotherapy. Geant4 is a Monte Carlo simulation toolkit for simulating the passage of particles through matter, and capable of handling all physics processes including electromagnetic, hadronic and nucleus-nucleus interactions which are indispensable to calculate three-dimensional dose distributions in ion therapy. In this work we report the recent progress for Geant4 models for ions and new validation results, which were obtained for depth-dose distributions of carbon ions incident on water against experimental measurements. We found simulations to reproduce the experimental data fairly well.

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“…It is capable of dealing with the interactions of leptons, photons, hadrons and ions. It provides a number of physics models to deal with the particle and matter interactions in the wide range of energies corresponding from thermal neutrons to cosmic rays [2,3,4,9,12]. So it is used in diversified areas like medical physics and space radiation protection etc.…”

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Validation of Geant4 Physics Models Relevant for Space Radiation

Prakash¹

2017

AJEP

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Abstract:In order to use GEANT4 toolkit in the energies relevant to the space radiation it has been tested few of electromagnetic and hadronic models of it by comparing simulated values with NIST data and other experimental data available. For the validation of electromagnetic models energy-loss and electronic stopping powers are considered whereas for the validation of hadronic models, isotope production cross-sections and total fragmentation cross-sections are considered. The stopping power values simulated for protons in Al are agreeing very well with NIST database values. The energy-loss and residual energy values simulated for alpha particles in Si and Al respectively are in good agreement with experimental values at high energies and low-thicknesses of target materials. The stopping power values of alpha particles and Fe ions in Al are also agreeing well with tabulated values at the small thickness of target materials. The proton -proton production cross-section values for liquid hydrogen and polyethylene are within the limits of experimental errors. Although total fragmentation crosssections for Fe ions in polyethylene and aluminum are not agreeing with the experimental values at low energies, they are agreeing at the peak of GCR spectrum which is around 1 GeV/nucleon. So the selected physics models used in the present simulation work can be used for the space radiation protection studies.

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Geometry and physics of the Geant4 toolkit for high and medium energy applications

Cited by 109 publications

References 34 publications

Modeling spallation reactions in tungsten and uranium targets with the Geant4 toolkit

Modeling spallation reactions in tungsten and uranium targets with the Geant4 toolkit

Validation of New Geant4 Electromagnetic Physics Models for Ion Therapy Applications

Validation of Geant4 Physics Models Relevant for Space Radiation

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