Geometry effect on the airfoil-gust interaction noise in transonic flows

An analytical correction to Amiet’s solution of airfoil leading-edge noise in non-uniform mean flows

“…2013; Wang, Hu & Zhang 2013; Gea-Aguilera, Gill & Zhang 2017; Zhong et al. 2018, 2019). The solver employs a high-order finite difference scheme (Ashcroft & Zhang 2003) for spatial discretisation, and uses the low-dissipation low-dispersion Runge–Kutta scheme (Hu, Hussaini & Manthey 1996) for time marching.…”

“…The acoustic properties of transonic airfoils with shocks were investigated by Zhong et al. (2017, 2018, 2019).…”

Computational aeroacoustics of aerofoil leading edge noise using the volume penalization-based immersed boundary methods

“…In this section, simulations are conducted for the isolated cambered aerofoils of NACA-2212, 2412, 4412 and 6412 at the Mach number of M = 0.4. An investigation of the camber effect of the turbulence interaction noise in both the subsonic and transonic regimes by using the body-fitted grids was also studied by Zhong et al 16 The dimensionless chord length of the aerofoils is 1, and the controlling parameters in the IBM method are the same as NACA 0012 simulations above. For the cambered aerofoils, the Kutta condition is applied at the trailing edge, making the flow downward turning such that the speed on the suction side higher (and the pressure is correspondingly lower).…”

“…The buffer-zone method is used to minimise the spurious reflections. 39 It has been employed for various aeroacoustic problems including the leading edge noise 11,[14][15][16][17][18][19][20] that is studied in this work. The key measure of IBM is to introduce additional equivalent terms to the original governing equations on account of the corresponding boundary conditions.…”

“…[2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] Another approach is based on the numerical simulations with the developments in computational aeroacoustics (CAA), which is efficient in investigating the impact of influential parameters and revealing the underneath mechanisms. 3,[11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] Another example of the practical geometrical impact is due to the periodically arranged cascade blades. 15,[20][21][22] For these studies, the synthetic turbulence method was often employed to reproduce the divergence-free turbulent fluctuations in the computational domain.…”