Geometry optimization and pressure analysis of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack

Chen, Wei‐Hsin; Tsai, Zong Lin; Chang, Ming Wen; You, Siming; Kuo, Pei Chi

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2021.01.222

Cited by 33 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The stack is composed of two parts: the non‐porous zones and the porous medium zones. The theoretical model and equations in each part could be found in past works 29,32 . Compared with the experimental data, the parameters of the porous media region were obtained by the trial and error method.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The other objective function is the pressure uniformity denoted by

U

and defined as 13,32

U = \frac{∆ P_{n}}{∆ P_{italicstack}} = \frac{∆ P_{italicstack} + ∆ P_{italicin} - ∆ P_{italicout}}{∆ P_{italicstack}} = 1 + \frac{∆ P_{italicin} - ∆ P_{italicout}}{∆ P_{italicstack}}

where

∆ P_{n}

is the pressure difference between the inlet and outlet channels of the n th cell,

∆ P_{italicin}

is the pressure difference in the inlet channel, and

∆ P_{italicout}

is the pressure difference in the outlet channel. The pressure differences

∆ P_{n}

∆ P_{italicin}

, and

∆ P_{italicout}

are expressed by

∆ P_{n} = P_{in, n} - P_{out, n}

∆ P_{italicin} = P_{in, n} - P_{in, 1}

∆ P_{italicout} = P_{out, n} - P_{out, 1}

…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The theoretical model and equations in each part could be found in past works. 29,32 Compared with the experimental data, the parameters of the porous media region were obtained by the trial and error method. In the porous media region, the permeability and inertial resistance are 1.5 Â 10 À9 m 2 and 5 Â 10 4 m À1 , respectively.…”

Section: Geometry Of Pemfc Stack and Theoretical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multi‐objective optimization design for pressure uniformity in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack

Chen

Lin

et al. 2022

Intl J of Energy Research

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Summary For a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), the pressure uniformity of fluid in the stack is a significant factor influencing the cell performance. This study employs the multi‐objective genetic algorithm (MOGA) to optimize the pressure uniformity in a PEMFC stack by adjusting the geometric design of inlet and outlet flow channels. The flow channel geometry is divided into three parts or named factors: tube length, tapered tube length, and channel height. The target is to find the minimum pressure difference between the inlet and outlet flow channels and optimize the pressure uniformity in the stack. The Latin hypercube sampling (LHS) method is used to organize the simulations for the design of experiments (DoEs), and the genetic aggregation (GA) method is employed to generate the response surfaces of the three factors. The resultant response surfaces are utilized to analyze the effects of the three factors on two objective functions, namely, pressure uniformity and pressure drop. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) method is also used to evaluate the influences of the factors, and the results are consistent with those obtained by the response surface method. The results show that the channel height produces the greatest impact on pressure uniformity. An increase in channel height can improve the pressure uniformity and reduce the pressure drop between the inlet and outlet channels. The MOGA analysis determines the optimal geometric design where the maximized pressure uniformity is 0.97 and the minimized pressure drop is 31 kPa. The number of cells in the stack is also taken into consideration. It is found that the influence of the inlet/outlet channel geometry on pressure uniformity is more pronounced when the cell number increases. The results benefit the design of inlet/outlet flow channels and the improvement of pressure uniformity in a PEMFC stack.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The other objective function is the pressure uniformity denoted by

U

and defined as 13,32

U = \frac{∆ P_{n}}{∆ P_{italicstack}} = \frac{∆ P_{italicstack} + ∆ P_{italicin} - ∆ P_{italicout}}{∆ P_{italicstack}} = 1 + \frac{∆ P_{italicin} - ∆ P_{italicout}}{∆ P_{italicstack}}

where

∆ P_{n}

is the pressure difference between the inlet and outlet channels of the n th cell,

∆ P_{italicin}

is the pressure difference in the inlet channel, and

∆ P_{italicout}

is the pressure difference in the outlet channel. The pressure differences

∆ P_{n}

∆ P_{italicin}

, and

∆ P_{italicout}

are expressed by

∆ P_{n} = P_{in, n} - P_{out, n}

∆ P_{italicin} = P_{in, n} - P_{in, 1}

∆ P_{italicout} = P_{out, n} - P_{out, 1}

…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Geometry Of Pemfc Stack and Theoretical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Multi‐objective optimization design for pressure uniformity in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack

Chen

Lin

et al. 2022

Intl J of Energy Research

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show abstract

“…Previous studies have shown that nitrogen affects the diffusion and transport of hydrogen in the flow channel, but when pure hydrogen is used as fuel, its final accumulation is not high as it is regularly discharged regularly with anode purging. Therefore, for a PEMFC using pure hydrogen as fuel, the main purpose of flow channel geometry optimization is to optimize water management, thermal management and material distribution inside the cell [10][11][12]. However, for ammonia reforming gas, experiments have shown that due to the high initial concentration of nitrogen, the anode purging strategy cannot guarantee the proper operation of the fuel cell, so only the fuel flow control strategy can be used.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling And Optimization Study of PEMFC Fueled With Ammonia Reforming Gas

Zhao¹,

Liang²,

Liang³

2021

Preprint

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The storage of high-purity hydrogen has been a technical challenge limiting the large-scale application of fuel cells. Ammonia is an ideal hydrogen storage carrier with a storage mass density of up to 17 wt% and can be easily liquefied for storage and transportation, but ammonia requires complex separation equipment to re-generate high-purity hydrogen, which greatly reduces its advantages in hydrogen storage. Therefore, the development of direct ammonia reforming gas fuel cells, which can avoid complicated pure hydrogen separation equipment, has a very meaningful impact and can greatly expand the application of fuel cells. In this paper, we study the modeling simulation of ammonia reforming gas-fueled proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) based on the preliminary experiments, and the concentration-dependent Butler-Volmer electrochemical model is used to simulate the ammonia reforming gas-fueled PEMFC. Firstly, the concentration-dependent Butler-Volmer electrochemical model was improved by adding a correction factor for the concentration difference polarization based on the characteristics of the experimental data to obtain a correction factor of 1.65 based on the experimental data; secondly, the effect of the anode channel length on the fuel cell performance was investigated. The results show that: firstly, the improved concentration-dependent Butler-Volmer electrochemical model can better match the experimental results; secondly, the anode channel length has less effect on the maximum power density and hydrogen concentration in the exhaust gas, and the current density gradient increases with decreasing anode channel length, but the fuel flow resistance decreases. The results of the study can provide a reference for the simulation study of PEMFC using ammonia reforming gas as fuel.

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“…Previous studies have shown that nitrogen affects the diffusion and transport of hydrogen in the flow channel, but when pure hydrogen is used as fuel, its final accumulation is not high and is periodically discharged along with the anode purging. Therefore, for a PEMFC using pure hydrogen as fuel, the main purpose of flow channel geometry optimization is to optimize water management, thermal management and material distribution inside the cell [10][11][12]. However, for ammonia reforming gas, experiments show that high concentration of nitrogen significantly affects the operating state of the fuel cell, and due to the high initial concentration of nitrogen, the anode purging strategy cannot guarantee the normal operation of the fuel cell, so only the fuel flow control strategy can be used.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation Research on PEMFC fueled with ammonia reforming gas

Zhao

Liang

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Ammonia as a chemical storage carrier for hydrogen has the advantages of high hydrogen storage density and easy storage. However, reconversion of ammonia to pure hydrogen requires additional energy consumption and complex equipment, thus greatly reducing its advantages as a hydrogen storage carrier. The development of PEMFC that use ammonia decomposition gas directly as fuel can avoid the purification of hydrogen and simplify on-site hydrogen production systems. Thus, the application of fuel cells can be greatly expanded. In this paper, a three-dimensional simulation model of PEMFC using ammonia reforming gas as fuel is established based on experimental data. The distribution of local current density and local hydrogen concentration inside the fuel cell and the relationship between them are studied and analyzed. The optimal efficiency and fuel utilization of the fuel cell under different flow rates are investigated. Finally, a preliminary simulation analysis of the effect of anode runner length on the maximum output power of the fuel cell is conducted. The results of the study can provide a reference for the fuel control strategy of ammonia reforming gas-fueled PEMFC and the optimization of the fuel cell.

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Geometry optimization and pressure analysis of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack

Cited by 33 publications

References 43 publications

Multi‐objective optimization design for pressure uniformity in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack

Multi‐objective optimization design for pressure uniformity in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack

Modeling And Optimization Study of PEMFC Fueled With Ammonia Reforming Gas

Simulation Research on PEMFC fueled with ammonia reforming gas

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