Geomicrobial Processes and Biodiversity in the Deep Terrestrial Subsurface

Fredrickson, James K.; Balkwill, David L.

doi:10.1080/01490450600875571

Cited by 119 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…2). It has been generally accepted that carbon availability and environmental conditions are controlling microbial growth (Aldén et al, 2001;Brockman et al, 1992;Fredrickson and Balkwill, 2006;Fry et al, 1997;Jørgensen and Boetius, 2007;Whitman et al, 1998). Analyses of the organic acids in the fluids revealed that acetate seems to be the major constituent of the dissolved organic carbon (DOC).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring of the microbial community composition in saline aquifers during CO2 storage by fluorescence in situ hybridisation

Morozova¹,

Wandrey²,

Alawi³

et al. 2010

International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control

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This study reveals the first analyses of the composition and activity of the microbial community of a saline CO 2 storage aquifer. Microbial monitoring during CO 2 injection has been reported. By using Fluorescence in situ Hybridisation (FISH), we have shown that the microbial community was strongly influenced by the CO 2 injection. Before CO 2 arrival, up to 6x10 6 cells ml -1 were detected by DAPI-staining at a depth of 647 m below the surface. The microbial community was dominated by the domain Bacteria that represented approximately 60 to 90 % of the total cell number, with Proteobacteria and Firmicutes as the most abundant phyla comprising up to 47 % and 45 % of the entire population, respectively. Both the total cell counts as well as the counts of the specific physiological groups revealed quantitative and qualitative changes after CO 2 arrival. Our study revealed temporal shifts in the microbial community from chemoorganotrophic to chemolithotrophic populations, as evidenced by the outcompetition of sulphate-reducing bacteria by methanogenic archaea. In addition, an enhanced activity of the microbial population after five months CO 2 storage indicated that the bacterial community was able to adapt to the extreme conditions of the deep biosphere and to the extreme changes of these atypical conditions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring of the microbial community composition in saline aquifers during CO2 storage by fluorescence in situ hybridisation

Morozova¹,

Wandrey²,

Alawi³

et al. 2010

International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control

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“…Deep intraterrestrial microbial life is investigated to understand the diversity of life of Earth, the evolution and potential origin of life in the deep underground and the tolerances of intraterrestrial life towards extreme environmental conditions (Fredrickson and Balkwill, 2006). The discovery of a deep intraterrestrial biosphere (Pedersen, 1993) has several important implications for underground repositories for spent high-level radioactive wastes (HLRW, Pedersen, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numbers, biomass and cultivable diversity of microbial populations relate to depth and borehole-specific conditions in groundwater from depths of 4–450 m in Olkiluoto, Finland

Pedersen

Arlinger²,

Eriksson³

et al. 2008

The ISME Journal

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Microbiology, chemistry and dissolved gas in groundwater from Olkiluoto, Finland, were analysed over 3 years; samples came from 16 shallow observation tubes and boreholes from depths of 3.9-16.2 m and 14 deep boreholes from depths of 35-742 m. The average total number of cells (TNC) was 3.9 Â 10 5 cells per ml in the shallow groundwater and 5.7 Â 10 4 cells per ml in the deep groundwater. There was a significant correlation between the amount of biomass, analysed as ATP concentration, and TNC. ATP concentration also correlated with the stacked output of anaerobic most probable number cultivations of nitrate-, iron-, manganese-and sulphate-reducing bacteria, and acetogenic bacteria and methanogens. The numbers and biomass varied at most by approximately three orders of magnitude between boreholes, and TNC and ATP were positively related to the concentration of dissolved organic carbon. Two depth zones were found where the numbers, biomass and diversity of the microbial populations peaked. Shallow groundwater down to a depth of 16.2 m on average contained more biomass and cultivable microorganisms than did deep groundwater, except in a zone at a depth of approximately 300 m where the average biomass and number of cultivable microorganisms approached those of shallow groundwater. Starting at a depth of approximately 300 m, there were steep gradients of decreasing sulphate and increasing methane concentrations with depth; together with the peaks in biomass and sulphide concentration at this depth, these suggest that anaerobic methane oxidation may be a significant process at depth in Olkiluoto.

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“…Recent studies illustrate the presence of significant spatial heterogeneity (13,53) and the strong influence of mineralogy and fluid flow on subsurface microbial biodiversity (9,16,31,61). Data obtained by drilling are complemented by an increasing number of studies that exploit subsurface passages navigable by humans (17). These subsurface passages include caves (14,46) and mines (22,32,47,52,57).…”

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confidence: 99%

Community Structure of Subsurface Biofilms in the Thermal Sulfidic Caves of Acquasanta Terme, Italy

Jones

Tobler

Schaperdoth

et al. 2010

Appl Environ Microbiol

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We performed a microbial community analysis of biofilms inhabiting thermal (35 to 50°C) waters more than 60 m below the ground surface near Acquasanta Terme, Italy. The groundwater hosting the biofilms has 400 to 830 M sulfide, <10 M O 2 , pH of 6.3 to 6.7, and specific conductivity of 8,500 to 10,500 S/cm. Based on the results of 16S rRNA gene cloning and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), the biofilms have low species richness, and lithoautotrophic (or possibly mixotrophic) Gamma-and Epsilonproteobacteria are the principle biofilm architects. Deltaproteobacteria sequences retrieved from the biofilms have <90% 16S rRNA similarity to their closest relatives in public databases and may represent novel sulfate-reducing bacteria. The Acquasanta biofilms share few species in common with Frasassi cave biofilms (13°C, 80 km distant) but have a similar community structure, with representatives in the same major clades. The ecological success of Sulfurovumales-group Epsilonproteobacteria in the Acquasanta biofilms is consistent with previous observations of their dominance in sulfidic cave waters with turbulent water flow and high dissolved sulfide/oxygen ratios.

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Geomicrobial Processes and Biodiversity in the Deep Terrestrial Subsurface

Cited by 119 publications

References 74 publications

Monitoring of the microbial community composition in saline aquifers during CO2 storage by fluorescence in situ hybridisation

Monitoring of the microbial community composition in saline aquifers during CO2 storage by fluorescence in situ hybridisation

Numbers, biomass and cultivable diversity of microbial populations relate to depth and borehole-specific conditions in groundwater from depths of 4–450 m in Olkiluoto, Finland

Community Structure of Subsurface Biofilms in the Thermal Sulfidic Caves of Acquasanta Terme, Italy

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