20181024 Draft 3 monuments protect about half of the original monument's area. On the same day, President Trump "modified and reduced" the 1.3-million-acre Bears Ears National Monument, also in Utah, 2 which President Obama had set aside less than a year earlier at the request of five Native American Tribes. 3 Reductions to Bears Ears removed approximately eighty-five percent of the land from the original monument, replacing it with two smaller monuments. 4 The President's actions, which reflect the two largest presidential reductions to a national monument that have ever been made, 5 open lands excluded from the monuments to mineral exploration and development, reduce protection for resources within the replacement monuments, and diminish the role that Native Americans play in the management of Bears Ears. President Trump's decision to drastically reduce the two monuments has spurred a vigorous and ongoing debate over the legality of his actions. 6 The five Native American Tribes that had proposed Bears Ears, as well as multiple scientific, conservation, and environmental organizations, quickly sued to invalidate President Trump's reductions to Bears Ears. 7 Scientific, conservation, and environmental organizations also immediately challenged the reductions to the Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument. 8 Others moved to intervene in support of the Trump 2