Geomorphic Controls on Hyporheic Exchange Across Scales—Watersheds to Particles

Wondzell, Steven M.; Herzog, Skuyler; Gooseff, M. N.; Ward, Adam S.; Schmadel, N. M.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-409548-9.12135-9

Cited by 28 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 122 publications

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“…Furthermore, because the range of stream discharges that we examined spans 95.6% (0.6 L s 21 ) to 38.4% (25.0 L s 21 ) exceedance probabilities, we expect that our results will be robust for over half of the year. It is possible that, at much higher stream discharges, channel morphologic features would be drowned out, wetted channel areas increase, and side channels activate, and thus have a large effect on lateral hyporheic exchange Wondzell and Gooseff, 2013]. However, these effects were likely not dominant over the range of discharges we examined as there was no visual activation of side channels.…”

Section: Expected Hydrologic Controls In Confined Mountainous Stream mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In steep headwater mountain streams with step-pool morphology, hydrostatic gradients are expected to be the dominant driver of hyporheic exchange, in contrast to low-gradient rivers where bed form pumping or turbulent momentum diffusion into the streambed (hydrodynamic contribution) are more influential mechanisms [e.g., Boano et al, 2014;Wondzell and Gooseff, 2013]. Momentum diffusion has been found to influence only the first 5 cm of the hyporheic zone depth [Packman et al, 2004].…”

Section: 1002/2017wr020576mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrologic controls on hyporheic exchange in a headwater mountain stream

Schmadel

Ward

Wondzell

2017

Water Resources Research

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The spatial and temporal scales of hyporheic exchange within the stream corridor are controlled by stream discharge and groundwater inflow interacting with streambed morphology. While decades of study have resulted in a clear understanding of how morphologic form controls hyporheic exchange at the feature scale, we lack comparable predictive power related to stream discharge and the spatial structure of groundwater inflows at the reach scale, where spatial heterogeneity in both geomorphic setting and hydrologic forcing are present. In this study, we simulated vertical hyporheic exchange along a 600 m mountain stream reach under high, medium, and low stream discharge while considering groundwater inflow as negligible, spatially uniform, or proportional to upslope accumulated area. Most changes to hyporheic flow path residence time or length in response to stream discharge were small (<5%), suggesting that discharge is a secondary control relative to morphologically driven hyporheic exchange. Groundwater inflow was a primary control and mostly caused decreases in hyporheic flow path residence time and length. This finding generally agrees with expectations from the literature; however, flow path response was not consistent across the study reach. Instead, we found that flow paths driven by large hydraulic gradients coinciding with large morphologic features were less sensitive to changes in groundwater inflow than those driven by hydraulic gradients similar to the valley gradient. Our results indicate that consideration of heterogeneous arrangement of morphologic features is necessary to differentiate between hyporheic flow paths that persist in time and those that are sensitive to changing hydrologic conditions.

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Section: Expected Hydrologic Controls In Confined Mountainous Stream mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: 1002/2017wr020576mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrologic controls on hyporheic exchange in a headwater mountain stream

Schmadel

Ward

Wondzell

2017

Water Resources Research

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“…The absence of predictive power in flow path geometry limits our ability to make meaningful predictions of stream corridor functions. Therefore, we seek to characterize flow path geometry (primarily the location of flow path origination from the stream) and transit time as a function of geologic controls and dynamic hydrologic forcing, both of which are recognized as controls on stream corridor exchange Ward et al, 2012Wondzell and Gooseff, 2013;Boano et al, 2014]. By characterizing both flow path geometry and transit time, we seek to describe spatially heterogeneous and temporally dynamic connectivity between streams and their corridors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic hyporheic and riparian flow path geometry through base flow recession in two headwater mountain stream corridors

Ward

Schmadel

Wondzell

et al. 2017

Water Resources Research

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The hydrologic connectivity between streams and their valley bottoms (stream corridor) is a critical determinant of their ecological function. Ecological functions are known to be spatially and temporally variable, but spatial dimensions of the problem are not easily quantified and thus they are usually overlooked. To estimate the spatial patterns of connectivity, and how connectivity varies with changes in discharge, we developed the hyporheic potential model. We used the model to interpret a series of solute tracer injections in two headwater mountain streams with contrasting valley bottom morphologies to estimate connectivity in the stream corridor. The distributions of flow path origination locations and the lengths of hyporheic flow paths appear to vary with base flow recession, even in cases where transport timescales are apparently unchanged. The modeled distribution of origination locations further allowed us to define a spatial analog to the temporal window of detection associated with solute tracer studies, and enables assessment of connectivity dynamics between streams and their corridors. Altogether, the reduced complexity hyporheic potential model provides an easy way to anticipate the spatial distribution and origination locations of hyporheic flow paths from a basic understanding of the valley bottom characteristics and solute transport timescales.

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“…Average hydraulic gradients in Florida are about 1 m/km (Back and Hanshaw, 1971) and can be even lower in the vicinity of the Suwannee River due to the density of karst conduits (Denizman, 2003;Gulley et al, 2011). In contrast, steep aquifer hydraulic gradients (~10 m/km) can exist around rivers in low conductivity granular aquifers (Chen et al, 2006;Kresic, 2006;Wondzell and Gooseff, 2013). For the two reaches considered herein, average groundwater table gradients (obtained using potentiometric surface maps in ArcGIS during baseflow conditions (2001)), are shallower in reach 1 (1.3×10 -4 ) than reach 2 (2.0×10 -4 ) suggesting reach 1 may contain more conduits, increasing the potential for hydraulic gradient reversals to occur.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of antecedent groundwater heads in controlling transient aquifer storage and flood peak attenuation in karst watersheds

Spellman

Gulley

Martin

et al. 2018

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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Transient storage of floodwaters in aquifers is known to attenuate peak flows in rivers and drive subsurface dissolution. Transient aquifer storage could be enhanced in watersheds overlying karst aquifers where caves facilitate surface and groundwater exchange. Few studies, however, have examined controls on, or magnitudes of, transient aquifer storage or flood peak attenuation in karstic watersheds. Here we evaluate flood peak attenuation with multiple linear regression analyses of 10 years of river and groundwater data from the Suwannee River, which flows over the karstic upper Floridan aquifer in north‐central Florida and experiences frequent flooding. Regressions show antecedent river stage exerts the dominant control on magnitudes of transient aquifer storage, with recharge and time to peak having secondary controls. Specifically, low antecedent stages result in larger magnitudes of transient aquifer storage and thus greater flood attenuation than conditions of elevated antecedent stage. These findings suggest subsurface weathering, including cave formation and enlargement, caused by transient aquifer storage could occur on a more frequent basis in aquifers where groundwater table elevation is lowered due to anthropogenic or climatic influences. Our work also shows that measures of groundwater table elevation prior to an event could be used to improve predictive flood models. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Geomorphic Controls on Hyporheic Exchange Across Scales—Watersheds to Particles

Cited by 28 publications

References 122 publications

Hydrologic controls on hyporheic exchange in a headwater mountain stream

Hydrologic controls on hyporheic exchange in a headwater mountain stream

Dynamic hyporheic and riparian flow path geometry through base flow recession in two headwater mountain stream corridors

The role of antecedent groundwater heads in controlling transient aquifer storage and flood peak attenuation in karst watersheds

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