Geomorphic effects of the earthquake of March 27, 1964 in the Martin-Bering Rivers area, Alaska

Tuthill, Samuel J.; Laird, Wilson M.

doi:10.3133/pp543b

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The most comprehensive and recent publication by Podolskiy et al () reports 22 historical cases of earthquake‐triggered snow avalanches that occurred between 1899 and 2010 in cold Arctic regions and highly elevated mountainous terrains (e.g., the Himalayas). Important cases include rock and ice avalanches in the Chugach Mountains triggered by the 1964 Alaska earthquake (Post, ; Tuthill & Laird, ); the 1,580 large landslides triggered by the 2002 Denali earthquake over the glaciated terrain of Alaska (Gorum et al, ; Jibson et al, ); the 1,448 snowmelt‐induced landslides following the 2004 Mid‐Niigata prefecture earthquake (Akiyama et al, ), and the long runout landslides triggered over snow during the 2011 Nagano prefecture earthquake in Japan (Has et al, ; Yamasaki et al, ).…”

Section: Coseismic Landslidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Earthquake‐Induced Chains of Geologic Hazards: Patterns, Mechanisms, and Impacts

Fan

Scaringi

Korup

et al. 2019

Reviews of Geophysics

655

325

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Large earthquakes initiate chains of surface processes that last much longer than the brief moments of strong shaking. Most moderate‐ and large‐magnitude earthquakes trigger landslides, ranging from small failures in the soil cover to massive, devastating rock avalanches. Some landslides dam rivers and impound lakes, which can collapse days to centuries later, and flood mountain valleys for hundreds of kilometers downstream. Landslide deposits on slopes can remobilize during heavy rainfall and evolve into debris flows. Cracks and fractures can form and widen on mountain crests and flanks, promoting increased frequency of landslides that lasts for decades. More gradual impacts involve the flushing of excess debris downstream by rivers, which can generate bank erosion and floodplain accretion as well as channel avulsions that affect flooding frequency, settlements, ecosystems, and infrastructure. Ultimately, earthquake sequences and their geomorphic consequences alter mountain landscapes over both human and geologic time scales. Two recent events have attracted intense research into earthquake‐induced landslides and their consequences: the magnitude M 7.6 Chi‐Chi, Taiwan earthquake of 1999, and the M 7.9 Wenchuan, China earthquake of 2008. Using data and insights from these and several other earthquakes, we analyze how such events initiate processes that change mountain landscapes, highlight research gaps, and suggest pathways toward a more complete understanding of the seismic effects on the Earth's surface.

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Section: Coseismic Landslidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Earthquake‐Induced Chains of Geologic Hazards: Patterns, Mechanisms, and Impacts

Fan

Scaringi

Korup

et al. 2019

Reviews of Geophysics

655

325

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The earthquake of 27 March 1964, that devastated Anchorage and other towns such as Whittier, also affected the “Sioux Glacier” area (Grantz and others, 1964; Post, 1965, 1967; Tuthill and Laird, 1966). The glacier is located approximately 200 km south-east of the epicenter of the initial shock; Anchorage is 125 km west of the epicenter.…”

Section: Characteristics Of the Debris Slidementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Numerous publications have resulted from the first 3 years of glacial research, including those by Reid and Clayton (1963), Tuthill (1963, 1966), Clayton (1964), Laird and Tuthill (1964), Reid and Callender (1965), Tuthill and Laird (1966), and Reid (1967). Other authors have reported the existence of the debris slide on “Sioux Glacier” subsequent to the Good Friday earthquake (Grantz and others, 1964; Post, 1965, 1967; Ragle and others, 1965).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of a Debris Slide on “Sioux Glacier”, South-Central Alaska

Reid

1969

J. Glaciol.

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The lower one-third of “Sioux Glacier” in south-central Alaska was buried beneath a debris slide during the 27 March 1964 earthquake. Investigations to determine the effect of this cover on the regimen of the glacier revealed that it has increased in thickness by as much as 28 m, primarily as a result of the insulating effect of this debris cover. In areas where debris has continuously veneered the surface, at least since 1938, the ice is also thicker. A longitudinal profile reveals that the area near the upper extent of the slide debris has become intensely crevassed and has been lowered as much as 8 m between 1965 and 1966, while the terminal area is up to 5 m higher and is characterized by thrusting. It is concluded that a kinematic wave passed through this glacier sometime between 1965 and 1966.The upper zone of debris-veneered ice is moving at 175 m/year while the terminal area is flowing at only 21 m/year. The rate of down-glacier decrease in velocity is about 0.06 m/year per meter of horizontal distance except for an area approximately 1 km from the terminus. Here, the rate of decrease in velocity is 0.1 m/year per meter. The change in rate is presumed to be related to topographic control caused by the recent thinning of the ice here.

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Landslides Triggered by the 2002 Denali Fault, Alaska, Earthquake and the Inferred Nature of the Strong Shaking

et al. 2004

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The 2002 M7.9 Denali fault, Alaska, earthquake triggered thousands of landslides, primarily rock falls and rock slides, that ranged in volume from rock falls of a few cubic meters to rock avalanches having volumes as great as 15×106m3. The pattern of landsliding was unusual; the number of slides was less than expected for an earthquake of this magnitude, and the landslides were concentrated in a narrow zone 30-km wide that straddled the fault rupture over its entire 300-km length. The large rock avalanches all clustered along the western third of the rupture zone where acceleration levels and ground-shaking frequencies are thought to have been the highest. Inferences about near-field strong shaking characteristics drawn from the interpretation of the landslide distribution are consistent with results of recent inversion modeling that indicate high-frequency energy generation was greatest in the western part of the fault rupture zone and decreased markedly to the east.

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Geomorphic effects of the earthquake of March 27, 1964 in the Martin-Bering Rivers area, Alaska

Cited by 4 publications

References 9 publications

Earthquake‐Induced Chains of Geologic Hazards: Patterns, Mechanisms, and Impacts

Earthquake‐Induced Chains of Geologic Hazards: Patterns, Mechanisms, and Impacts

Effects of a Debris Slide on “Sioux Glacier”, South-Central Alaska

Landslides Triggered by the 2002 Denali Fault, Alaska, Earthquake and the Inferred Nature of the Strong Shaking

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