Geomorphic relations among glacial Lake Algonquin and the Munising and Grand Marais moraines in eastern Upper Michigan, USA

Blewett, William L.; Drzyzga, Scott A.; Sherrod, Laura; Wang, Hong

doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2014.05.009

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Larsen, 1987). The southern edge of this fan complex displays a clear terminus in the quadrangles directly south and southeast of the Au Sable Point SW and Au Sable Point SE quadrangles (Driggs Lake, Sunken Lake, Seney NW, Tahquamenon Lakes; Figure 2) as outwash was abruptly deposited upon entering Lake Algonquin (Blewett et al, 2014). Munising outwash fans display hummocky topography and generally lie at higher elevations than the younger Grand Marais outwash fans.…”

Section: Munising and Grand Marais Outwash Fan Complexesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These outwash fan complexes were originally classified as a single landform and interpreted as a moraine, termed the Munising moraine (Bergquist, 1936;Leverett, 1911;1929;Martin, 1957). More recent studies, however, have indicated that this nearly continuous upland is composed of two landforms, often termed the Munising and Grand Marais moraines, that were deposited at separate times when the LIS margin paused at this common position (Blewett, 1994;Blewett et al, 2014;Drexler et al, 1983). The Munising and Grand Marais 'moraines' have been reinterpreted as heads of outwash with a series of associated outwash fans resulting from a stagnant ice margin (Blewett & Rieck, 1987), which is verified in this mapping study.…”

Section: Munising and Grand Marais Outwash Fan Complexesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cross-cutting relationships between the Munising and Grand Marais outwash fan complexes and the configuration of each of their southern fan limits indicate that the Munising outwash fans are older than Grand Marais outwash fans. Munising outwash fans likely graded into Lake Algonquin (Blewett et al, 2014), which was a large proglacial lake that filled the Lake Michigan and Huron basins and inundated much of the eastern Upper Peninsula and northern tip of the Lower Peninsula approximately 13 ka (e.g. Larsen, 1987).…”

Section: Munising and Grand Marais Outwash Fan Complexesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Grand Marais outwash fan complex is typically associated with LIS retreat following the Marquette glacial phase approximately 11 ka (e.g. Blewett et al, 2014). These fans display smooth topography interspersed with areas of pitted (kettled) terrain and cross-cut Munising outwash fans.…”

Section: Munising and Grand Marais Outwash Fan Complexesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Glacial sediments of vary-ing thicknesses, which were deposited as the Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS) retreated through the region approximately 13-11 ka (e.g. Blewett et al, 2014;Larsen, 1987), cover most of the bedrock in the Pictured Rocks area.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Surficial geology of Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore, Michigan, USA

2020

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Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore is located in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan along the southern shore of Lake Superior. The park spans approximately 300 km 2 and is almost fully incorporated within the ten 7.5-minute quadrangles presented in this new, detailed surficial geology map. The western quadrangles are mainly characterized by thin accumulations of undifferentiated Quaternary sediment above shallow bedrock while the eastern quadrangles mostly show thick accumulations of various glacial outwash units. This map was produced by integrating field data with a high-resolution LiDAR digital elevation model and associated hillshade, aerial imagery, and passive seismic data. The high-resolution elevation information was essential to differentiate between outwash units, post-glacial sand accumulations, and interpreting subtle glacial features that would have otherwise remained unrecognized. This new map provides fundamental information to help decipher the glacial history of this region to enhance our understanding of how this popular landscape developed.

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Section: Munising and Grand Marais Outwash Fan Complexesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Munising and Grand Marais Outwash Fan Complexesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Munising and Grand Marais Outwash Fan Complexesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Munising and Grand Marais Outwash Fan Complexesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Surficial geology of Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore, Michigan, USA

2020

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Spits formed in Glacial Lake Algonquin indicate strong easterly winds over the Laurentian Great Lakes during late Pleistocene

et al. 2015

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Temporal variation in the strength of podzolization as indicated by lysimeter data

Schaetzl

Rothstein

2016

Geoderma

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This study examines trends in podzolization-both temporally and with depth-as indicated by translocation of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), iron (Fe) and aluminum (Al) in soil water. Water as saturated flow was captured by zero-tension lysimeters installed below the O, E and B horizons of six Spodosol pedons in Michigan, USA. Over a 2-year timespan, we sampled soil water on 36 different dates, resulting in 505 samples. All samples were analyzed for DOC, whereas Fe and Al contents were determined for a subset of 227 samples. Cumulative water fluxes are high during both spring snowmelt and the fall (autumn) season, when much water is moving as saturated flow. Water flux rates are much greater during snowmelt, and when averaged over all horizons, 1.15 times more water is translocated through the soil during snowmelt than in fall, even though the latter is routinely twice as long. Translocation of DOC out of the O horizon is a dominant process in these soils during snowmelt, peaking in mid-snowmelt. It peaks again-even higher-in fall, as rains strip C from fresh litter. Overall, little DOC leaves the soil system; B horizons are effective traps for C being transported in soil water. Surprisingly, E horizons retain DOC in almost all seasons, but particularly in fall and early snowmelt, as water percolates through C-rich, fresh litter. The thick, bright, C-poor E horizons in these soils suggest that, over long timescales, in situ mineralization of C exceeds the net retention of DOC from the O horizons above. Translocation of Fe and Al in soil water also has a distinct annual bimodality, largely following that of DOC. This component of podzolization peaks in mid-snowmelt and again late in fall. On an annual basis, considerably more Al moves in soil water than Fe; 1.9 times more Al than Fe is translocated out of E horizons, and 1.8 times more Al is lost from B horizons.

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Geomorphic relations among glacial Lake Algonquin and the Munising and Grand Marais moraines in eastern Upper Michigan, USA

Cited by 12 publications

References 27 publications

Surficial geology of Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore, Michigan, USA

Surficial geology of Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore, Michigan, USA

Spits formed in Glacial Lake Algonquin indicate strong easterly winds over the Laurentian Great Lakes during late Pleistocene

Temporal variation in the strength of podzolization as indicated by lysimeter data

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