Geomorphic response to growing fault-related folds: example from the foothills of central Taiwan

Delcaillau, Bernard

doi:10.1080/09853111.2001.11432447

Cited by 27 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The Janauri ridge develops from the coalescing of independent segments that grew towards each other. Geomorphic evidence suggests that elementary ridges tend to link together creating a larger ridge anticline (Delcaillau, 2001;Tate et al, 2001;Davis et al, in press). The rising of the Janauri anticline indicates a divergent lateral propagation.…”

Section: Discussion: Morphotectonical Evolution Of the Quaternary Fromentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent fold growth and drainage development: The Janauri and Chandigarh anticlines in the Siwalik foothills, northwest India

2006

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The active growth of a fault-and-thrust belt in frontal zones of Himalaya is a prominent topographical feature, extending 2500 km from Assam to Pakistan. In this paper, kinematical analysis of frontal anticlines and spatial mapping of active faults based on geomorphological features such as drainage pattern development, fault scarps and uplifted Quaternary alluvial fans are presented. We analyse the geomorphic and hydrographic expressions of the Chandigarh and the Janauri active anticlines in the NW India Siwaliks. To investigate the morphological scenario during the folding process, we used spatial imagery, geomorphometric parameters extracted from digital elevation models and fieldwork. Folding between the Beas and Sutlej Rivers gives clear geomorphological evidence of recent fold growth, presumably driven by movements of blind thrust faults. Structural style within the Janauri and Chandigarh anticlines is highly variable (fault-propagation folds, pop-up structures and transfer faults). The approach presented here involves analysis of topography and drainage incision of selected landforms to detect growth of active anticlines and transfer faults. Landforms that indicate active folding above a southwest-dipping frontal thrust and a northeastdipping back-thrust are described. Along-strike differences in ridge morphology are measured to describe the interaction of river channel patterns with folds and thrust faults and to define history of anticline growth. The evolution of the apparently continuous Janauri ridge has occurred by the coalescence of independent segments growing towards each other. By contrast, systematic drainage basin asymmetry shows that the Chandigarh anticline ridge has propagated laterally from NW to SE. D

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Section: Discussion: Morphotectonical Evolution Of the Quaternary Fromentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent fold growth and drainage development: The Janauri and Chandigarh anticlines in the Siwalik foothills, northwest India

2006

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“…The threshold represents the minimum size of an exterior watershed basin in cells when no flow map is available for input, or overland flow units when there is a flow map. Accordingly, for the recognition of systematic drainage features indicative of neotectonic deformation, a qualitative analysis of the drainage pattern was also essential (Delcaillau 2001;Schumm et al 2002).…”

Section: Elevation Slope and Drainage Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Late Quaternary fault activity in the Western Carpathians: evidence from the Vikartovce Fault (Slovakia)

Vojtko¹,

Marko²,

Preusser³

et al. 2011

Geologica Carpathica

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Abstract:The Cenozoic structure of the Western Carpathians is strongly controlled by faults. The E-W striking Vikartovce fault is one of the most distinctive dislocations in the region, evident by its geological structure and terrain morphology. This feature has been assumed to be a Quaternary reactivated fault according to many attributes such as its perfect linearity, faceted slopes, the distribution of travertines along the fault, and also its apparent prominent influence on the drainage network. The neotectonic character of the fault is documented herein by morphotectonic studies, longitudinal and transverse valley profile analyses, terrace system analysis, and mountain front sinuosity. Late Pleistocene activity of the Vikartovce fault is now proven by luminescence dating of fault-cut and uplifted alluvial sediments, presently located on the crest of the tilted block. These sediments must slightly pre-date the age of river redirection. Considering the results of both luminescence dating and palynological analyses, the change of river course probably occurred during the final phase of the Riss Glaciation (135 ± 14 ka). The normal displacement along the fault during the Late Quaternary has been estimated to about 105-135 m, resulting in an average slip rate of at least 0.8-1.0 mm · yr -1 . The present results identify the Vikartovce fault as one of the youngest active faults in the Central Western Carpathians.

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“…Growing anticlines have been recognized above blind faults in the central Taiwan foothills (Delcaillau, 2001), the Guadiamar river basin, Spain (Salvany, 2004), the Siwalik foothills, India (Delcaillau et al, 2006) and the Mississippi embayment (Cox et al, 2001;Garrote et al, 2006). Indeed, the past decade has seen an emergence of interest in the impact of blind faults on surface drainage, possibly due to (1) development of methods to quantitatively analyse surface tilting (see, e.g., Hare and Gardner, 1985;Rebeiro-Hargrave, 1999), (2) equivocal knowledge of locations of subsurface structures (see, e.g., Cox et al, 2001) and (3) developments in analysis of digital elevation data within geographical information systems (GISs).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tilting of active folds and drainage asymmetry on the Manawatu anticlines, New Zealand: a preliminary investigation

Clement¹,

Brook

2008

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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The apparent southward tilting of five anticlines in the Manawatu, North Island, New Zealand, is investigated using two drainage basin analysis techniques: the transverse topographic symmetry factor (T ) and the asymmetry factor (AF). The techniques are used to determine whether westward-flowing trunk streams on the gentle western limbs of five anticlines are migrating southwards across their drainage basins, concomitant with down-tilting of the fold axes. While results show potential for the techniques to be applied in such a tectonic setting, our findings are inconclusive. This could be due to the incipient nature of the folds (c. 0·5 Ma in age), and it would seem more appropriate to apply the techniques in concert with detailed field analyses of river migration patterns. Copyright Geologic SettingThe Manawatu region of the Wanganui Basin on North Island, New Zealand, contains a series of anticlinal folds trending N-S to NNE-SSW, between the Ruahine Range to the east and the Tasman Sea to the west (Figure 1). Though the topography is subdued, the anticlines form clear ridges rising c. 100-200 m above the surrounding landscape. The stratigraphy and subsurface structure has been outlined by Feldmeyer et al. (1943), Anderton (1981) and Melhuish et al. (1996). Quaternary marine mudstones c. 1000-2000 m thick overlie basement greywacke of TriassicJurassic age (Jackson et al., 1998). All the anticlines discussed here deform sediments and marine surfaces thought to be less than c. 0·5 Ma in age ( Figure 2). As identified by Jackson et al. (1998), a prominent geomorphic feature pervading the anticlines is a preserved marine surface, especially visible on the shallow western limbs. This is manifest as planar interfluves between parallel streams that dissect the limbs of the rising anticlines. This preserved marine horizon was presumably sub-horizontal, and is thought to have formed c. 300 000 yr ago during the Brunswick Interglacial, based on the presence of Griffins Road Tephra (c. 300-340 ka; Pillans, 1994). Following Jackson et al. (1998), the five folds appear to display other common features (Figure 2), including (1) steep eastern limbs (<60°), compared with gentle western limbs (2-4°); (2) a drainage divide close to the eastern (steep) limb of each anticline, apparently coincident with the anticlinal axis; (3) a fold axis that plunges to the south; (4) parallel streams on the shallow western limbs of the folds and (5) surface tilting to the south, which has caused on the western limbs the capture of any low relief parallel streams adjacent to the north of trunk streams. Hence, the main (trunk) streams on the western limbs have (captured) tributaries joining from their northern sides, but not from their southern sides. MethodsAdams (1980) used geodetic levelling and meander belt positions within their active flood plains to identify crossvalley tilt directions, and suggested sections of the Mississippi River occupied the eastern side of the floodplain due to eastward tilting of basement fault blocks. ...

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Geomorphic response to growing fault-related folds: example from the foothills of central Taiwan

Cited by 27 publications

References 25 publications

Recent fold growth and drainage development: The Janauri and Chandigarh anticlines in the Siwalik foothills, northwest India

Recent fold growth and drainage development: The Janauri and Chandigarh anticlines in the Siwalik foothills, northwest India

Late Quaternary fault activity in the Western Carpathians: evidence from the Vikartovce Fault (Slovakia)

Tilting of active folds and drainage asymmetry on the Manawatu anticlines, New Zealand: a preliminary investigation

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