Geomorphic responses of Duluth-area streams to the June 2012 flood, Minnesota

Fitzpatrick, Faith A.; Ellison, Christopher A.; Czuba, Christiana R.; Young, Benjamin M.; McCool, Molly M.; Groten, Joel T.

doi:10.3133/sir20165104

Cited by 6 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…In contrast to traditional views of the structure of rivers as a continuum (e.g., Leopold et al 1964;Vannote et al 1980), this study shows the Little Miami River network to be structured as a series of large-scale patches (FPZs), the spatial arrangement of which is not clinal and therefore does not support conventional river models. Other studies of river morphology in heavily glaciated landscapes have also shown the lack of a longitudinal continuum (e.g., Fitzpatrick et al 2016). The results indicate that downstream change in the hydrogeomorphic character of river networks can be diverse and complex, rather than linear and predictable.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

“…Other studies of river morphology in heavily glaciated landscapes have also shown the lack of a longitudinal continuum (e.g., Fitzpatrick et al. ). The results indicate that downstream change in the hydrogeomorphic character of river networks can be diverse and complex, rather than linear and predictable.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, recent conceptual models and research of river system structure and function suggest they are more accurately portrayed as downstream arrays of large hydrogeomorphic zones formed by factors such as regional geology, valley conditions, geomorphic structure of the channel and valley, climate, and hydrologic patterns (cf. Montgomery 1999;Poole 2002; Thoms andParsons 2002, 2003;Thorp et al 2006Thorp et al , 2008Fitzpatrick et al 2016;Thoms et al 2016). These zones at the valley-scale are described in the River Ecosystem Synthesis (RES; Thorp et al 2006Thorp et al , 2008 as functional process zones (FPZs).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of River Networks: A GIS Approach and Its Applications

Thoms

Scown

Flotemersch

2018

J American Water Resour Assoc

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Fluvial geomorphology provides the basis for characterizing complex river networks and evaluating biophysical processes within watersheds. Understanding the spatial organization of morphological features, their influencing processes, and resultant geomorphic diversity in stream networks are important for efficient restoration, river health assessment, and improving our knowledge of the resilience of riverine landscapes. River characterization is a means to determine the biophysical character of river networks but many methods are fraught with pitfalls, such as the use of incorrect variables and limited acknowledgment of the hierarchical organization of rivers. In this paper, a top‐down geographic information system‐based approach for determining the physical typology of river networks is outlined. A suite of multivariate analyses are used to develop a nomenclature for functional process zones (FPZs) — large tracts of the river network with similar hydro‐geomorphological character. Applied to the Little Miami River, Ohio, six distinct FPZs emerged, which had a nonuniform distribution along the river network. Some FPZs repeated downstream; others were rare in terms of total length and number of FPZ segments. The physical structure of the Little Miami River network was analyzed using a series of community metrics. Application of this approach for river monitoring, establishing reference conditions, as well as management of threatened and endangered species and asset trading is highlighted.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of River Networks: A GIS Approach and Its Applications

Thoms

Scown

Flotemersch

2018

J American Water Resour Assoc

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“…The geomorphic response of a fluvial system also will vary longitudinally along the channel as well as laterally with distance from the channel (Figure 1). Reach-scale stream type, position in the stream network, reach gradient, surrounding parent material type, and proximity of lateral and vertical controls will influence reach-scale geomorphic responses (Fitzpatrick et al, 2016;Montgomery & MacDonald, 2002;Thorne, 1998). Important human-related influences include land use (e.g., agriculture, urbanization), land management, river regulation (e.g., reservoirs, flow diversions), and channel and floodplain modifications (e.g., channelization, riprap, floodplain constrictions).…”

Section: Geomorphic Responses Of Fluvial Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Specifically, an increase in sediment inputs to a fluvial system from upstream erosion can have a range of effects on geomorphic and habitat characteristics including changes in the bed substrate size, depositional bars, bedform type and distribution, planform, slope, and floodplain morphology (Fitzpatrick et al, 2016;Wohl et al, 2015).…”

Section: Geomorphic Responses Of Fluvial Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geomorphic responses of fluvial systems to climate change: A habitat perspective

Juracek

Fitzpatrick

2022

River Research & Apps

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Fluvial systems provide a variety of habitats that support thousands of species including many that are threatened or endangered. Moreover, these habitats, which range from aquatic and riparian to floodplain, are important for the variety of ecosystem services they provide. In addition to water temperature and streamflow change, geomorphic change is important and warrants consideration as one of the several potential threats to these habitats posed by climate change. The geomorphic response of fluvial systems to global warming in temperate environments, for example, caused by an increase in the frequency and magnitude of floods, is important because geomorphology is a primary determinant of habitat availability and quality. Possible geomorphic responses include increased erosion and (or) deposition in the river channel, riparian zone, and floodplain with associated habitat implications. Geomorphic changes caused by global warming can be beneficial (e.g., increased habitat complexity) or detrimental (e.g., mortality caused by scour or burial) to biota. The ability of a species to respond to and survive disturbances, including geomorphic changes, will depend on the nature of the disturbances and the sensitivity and adaptive capabilities of the species. Post‐flood recovery often is rapid; however, for certain species (e.g., periphyton, macroinvertebrates), changes in community composition may persist. Increased flood frequency, sediment mobility, and associated geomorphic changes potentially will result in more frequent and persistent changes in habitat and community composition in the affected fluvial systems.

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Sediment budget of a Maumee River headwater tributary: how streambank erosion, streambed-sediment storage, and streambed-sediment source inform our understanding of legacy phosphorus

Williamson,

Fitzpatrick,

Kreiling

et al. 2024

J Soils Sediments

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Objective We described source and phosphorus (P) retention potential of soft, fine-grained, streambed sediment and associated phosphorus (sed-P) during summer low-flow conditions. Combining in-channel, sed-P storage with relative age provided context on relevance to western Lake Erie Basin management goals. Methods In 2019, rapid geomorphic assessment (30 reaches) compared streambed-sediment storage (S) to streambank erosion (E), providing annual sediment budgets (S:E). Streambed sediment (13 reaches) was fingerprinted and analyzed for sed-P. The P saturation ratio (PSR; four reaches) quantified potential sorption/desorption of dissolved P (DP) between the water column and streambed sediment. Analyses were supplemented with data from 2017 and 2021. The ratio of two fallout radionuclides, beryllium-7 (54-day half-life) and excess lead-210 (22.3 years), apportioned “new” sediment based on time since rainfall contact. Results Streambed sediment was mostly streambank (54–96%) for contributing areas > 2.7 km2; for upstream reaches, a larger percentage was apportioned as upland (cropland, pasture, forest, and road), with < 30% streambank. Streambank erosion correlated with contributing area; however, soil type (ecoregion), stream characteristics, and land use combined to drive streambed-sediment storage. Individual-reach S:E (accumulation of 0.01–35 years of streambank erosion) differentiated erosional and depositional in-channel environments. Most reaches indicated that 17–57% of sediment had recent contact with rainfall. Streambed-sediment PSR indicated a low potential for further sorption of DP from the water column; one reach was a P source when sampled. Conclusion Sed-P was higher in streambed sediment than in source samples, which varied by land use and ecoregion. This indicates homogenization resulting from in-stream sorption of DP during sediment transport that occurs over multiple events.

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Geomorphic responses of Duluth-area streams to the June 2012 flood, Minnesota

Cited by 6 publications

References 11 publications

Characterization of River Networks: A GIS Approach and Its Applications

Characterization of River Networks: A GIS Approach and Its Applications

Geomorphic responses of fluvial systems to climate change: A habitat perspective

Sediment budget of a Maumee River headwater tributary: how streambank erosion, streambed-sediment storage, and streambed-sediment source inform our understanding of legacy phosphorus

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