Geomorphological evolution of the Merbok estuary area and its impact on the early state of Kedah, northwest peninsular Malaysia

Application of 2D Resistivity Imaging and Seismic Refraction Tomography to Identify Sungai Batu Sediment Depositional Origin

“…Sediments including rocks, soil, and mineral from weathering process was transported from river and ocean to the lower area, and strongly influenced by the regional geology. The sea level fluctuations are about 2-3 m in 200 years or less based on the historical and geological evidence [4]. Regression of sea level during Late Holocene until present day changes the geomorphology for this area.…”

Use of ceramic sherds for stratigraphic and process interpretations of recent coastal deposits in Malaysia

“…Kedah, Lamb (1980) reported the occurrence of abundant ceramic sherds in a stratified layer in sand interpreted to be a raised beach in Khoo (1996) and more than 10,000 pieces have been collected (Kwan and Martin, 1985). Perhaps a fair idea of the amount of sherds which can be recovered from such stratified layers can be obtained from the report of Carswell (1985) who excavated a trench 5 m by 2 m dug into a ceramic sherd bearing coastal dune at Allaipiddy, Sri Lanka and the amount of sherds recovered filled more than 3 large baths and it took more than 2 days to wash them.…”

“…In the more tectonically active archipelagic part of Southeast Asia uplift of recent sediments including coral reefs can be quite significant. But in the more tectonically stable peninsular Malaysian region higher Holocene sea levels of 2-3 m have been recorded and summarized in Khoo (1996) .…”

Long-term (1842–2006) morphological change and equilibrium state of the Changjiang (Yangtze) Estuary, China

“…However, simulating longterm (decadal or longer) geomorphologic evolution within estuarine regimes is widely recognized to be difficult for the currently available models due to their limited capabilities (Prandle, 2004(Prandle, , 2006Townend, 2005;Blott et al, 2006). At present, analysis of historical data such as bathymetric charts of different periods remains an effective way to quantify the long-term geomorphologic evolution, and to determine quantitative relationships between geomorphology and water/sediment dynamics in various estuarine regimes (Khoo, 1996;Van der Wal and Pye, 2003;Prandle, 2004;Blott et al, 2006;Wang et al, 2008b;Li et al, 2011).…”