Geomorphological evolutionary history of the Melendiz River Valley, Cappadocia, Turkey

Doǧan, Uǧur; Koçyi̇ği̇t, Ali̇; Yılmaz, Erkan

doi:10.1007/s42990-019-00012-6

Cited by 17 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…A NE striking normal fault also crosses the Ihlara Valley near Ziga 11 . Further faults are mentioned by Burcak 12 , 13 ; Şener et al 2 ; Doğan et al 14 , but without referring to a certain stress regime or fault type. Thus, the regional structural setting of the study area is well understood while the local interconnection of the fault systems is not yet uncovered.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluid pathways identified beneath Narlı Lake (Central Anatolia) show the geothermal potential of former volcanoes

Brehme

Giese

Dokuz

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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We investigated the volcanic Narlı Lake in Central Anatolia combining high-resolution bathymetry and geochemical measurements. In this study, we present it as proof of a new concept to verify fluid pathways beneath lakes integrating the structure of the geothermal reservoir into the surrounding tectonic frame. We recognized dextral faults fracturing inherited volcanic formations and thus generating highly permeable zones beneath the lake. At intersection points of faults, reservoir fluids discharge from deep holes as imaged by the high-resolution bathymetry at the bottom of the Narlı Lake. Onshore, the tectonic setting also generates both extensional and compressional structures. Extensional structures result in extensive fluid discharge through hot springs while compressional structures do not discharge any fluid. The water of the lake as well as in the hot springs is highly saline and has relatively high concentrations of Cl, HCO3, SO4, Na, Ca, Mg, and Si. In several hot springs, we observed mixtures of high-saline fluids having a deep origin and low-saline shallow groundwater. We observed discharge into the lake by gas bubbles, which contain probably CO2 or H2S. Mineral precipitation indicates a carbonatic source at the lake bottom and along the shoreline. Extensive travertine precipitation also occurs near hot springs along the nearby extensional zone of Ihlara Valley. In summary, the composition of fluids and minerals is controlled by water–rock interaction through the volcanic and carbonatic rocks beneath this volcanic lake.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluid pathways identified beneath Narlı Lake (Central Anatolia) show the geothermal potential of former volcanoes

Brehme

Giese

Dokuz

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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“…Within these boundaries, the present issue contains several articles concerning two important aspects of the evolution of the geological, geomorphological and biological features that took and still take part in forming and constructing today's Cappadocia. The articles of this special issue concern two broad topics: (1) palaeoenvironments (see papers by Doğan et al 2019;Gürbüz et al 2019;Tuncer et al 2019), and (2) processes and consequences of magmatic activity and their relationships with the evolution of the volcanic landscapes through time and space (see papers by Atici et al 2019;Aydemir et al 2019;Ersoy et al 2019;Kuzucuoğlu et al 2019;Mouralis et al 2019b).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…With a synthetic presentation of geological data from sedimentary deposits and paleontological remains recording past environments and climates in Cappadocia, Gürbüz et al (2019) and Doğan et al (2019) characterize several phases of depositional environments in the region. Their analyses of lithofacies, fossil mammal and pollen contents point to three terrestrial packages recording lacustrine and fluvial, highly dynamic environments.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While the early Pleistocene environmental evolution remains little known (Gürbüz et al 2019), the geomorphology and geology of this period are studied by Doğan et al (2019). These authors integrate both the sedimentological records of lake/river deposits and their tectonic deformations, documenting a drainage system organized and developed since the beginning of Pleistocene until today.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…As a result, today's landscapes in Cappadocia mix stratovolcanoes and deeply incised canyons, volcanic flows and tectonic fault lines, maar lakes and basaltic cones, mesas over plateaus incised by dry valleys covered with tephras, travertines underlining heat conduits controlled by fault systems. Several articles in this issue stress the continuation of tectonic (Doğan et al 2019), magmatic (Aydemir et al 2019;Kuzucuoğlu et al 2019), volcanic (Atici et al 2019;Ersoy et al 2019;Kuzucuoğlu et al 2019;Mouralis et al 2019b), and climatic (Doğan et al 2019;Tuncer et al 2019) impacts not only landscapes but also the future of the region and of its population.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Geology and geomorphology of the Cappadocia volcanic Province, Turkey

Kuzucuoğlu

2019

Med. Geosc. Rev.

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Throughout historical time, the region of Cappadocia has occupied a geographic position that has made this land an essential member of the geologic, environmental, as well as human network enlivening the Eastern Mediterranean basin. As a result, the definition of the "Cappadocia" as a region depends on the type, characteristics and origin of landscapes one has in mind, as well as on the time interval concerned. The word "Katpatuka" seems to go back to a Hittite toponym, transformed into "Cappadocia" at a time as far back as the sixth century BC. According to Herodotus, this "Cappadocia" extended from the Taurus Mountains in the south to the Black Sea north of the Pontus region, and was bound to the west by Lycaonia (i.e. the west-central part of Anatolia, where today's city of Konya is located), and to the northwest by Galatia (today the regions of Bolu, Ankara, Çorum and Yozgat). On the other hand, touristic information leaflets and books praising "Cappadocia" refer to a small region confined between the cities of Nevşehir, Niğde and Kayseri (formerly the Hattian Mazaca, then Eusebia at the Argaeus and, finally Caesarea), the Roman Capital City of Cappadocia. This area, which attracts millions of visitors per year, possesses a high density of peculiar landscapes combining specific natural landforms (badlands, canyons and fairy chimneys, e.g. Sarıkaya et al. 2015a) and humansculpted troglodytic landforms (caves, dwellings, churches and settlements) recording a long history of occupation since antiquity (Özbaşaran 2011; Özbaşaran et al. 2018; Mouralis et al. 2019a; Çiner and Aydar 2019). These historical and touristic territorial dimensions of "Cappadocia" superimpose another dimension drawn by a unique geological and geomorphological territory whose evolution is deeply rooted in the last 15 million years.

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Decay of ignimbrite fairy chimneys of Arizona's Basin and Range Province, USA

Dorn

2023

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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Fairy chimneys of ignimbrite are well studied in Cappadocia in central Anatolia, Turkey. The ignimbrite landforms of Arizona's Basin and Range, USA, in contrast, remain relatively unexplored in geomorphic scholarship, despite decades of geological research on the characteristics of the ignimbrites themselves. This research focuses on the rock‐decay processes that modify Arizona's Basin and Range fair chimneys. Dissolution of glass and groundmass, measured along joints using digital image processing of back‐scattered electron microscope imagery, reveal a 3× higher porosity than inside the rock interior. This method also measured a 3‐4× increase in dissolution near the base of the chimney compared with the rock interior, leading to notch development that promotes chimney mass wasting and subsequent ballistic impacts. Epilithic organisms studied with electron microscopy both enhance rock decay and promote case hardening. These observations are consistent with prior understanding of how fairy chimneys evolve over time: columnar joints exposed on cliff faces experience enough decay to allow erosion of joint material, this erosion separates the chimney from the rock face and notch development near the chimney base promotes mass wasting. The rock‐decay processes studied here likely operate on very different timescales. Mass wasting events leading to ballistic impacts occur at observable timescales. Varnish microlamination dating, using ultrathin sections of rock varnish formed on fairy chimneys, indicates that the case hardening of the top of fairy chimneys are much more stable than the sides; the tops last experienced surface detachment during the early Holocene, as opposed to the sides that experienced flaking throughout the late Holocene. The timescale of basal notch development is not known, with the exception that the very surface of notches erode at rates too fast to accumulate rock varnish. The timescales of epilithic organisms enhancing rock decay and dissolution of columnar joints are not known.

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Geomorphological evolutionary history of the Melendiz River Valley, Cappadocia, Turkey

Cited by 17 publications

References 49 publications

Fluid pathways identified beneath Narlı Lake (Central Anatolia) show the geothermal potential of former volcanoes

Fluid pathways identified beneath Narlı Lake (Central Anatolia) show the geothermal potential of former volcanoes

Geology and geomorphology of the Cappadocia volcanic Province, Turkey

Decay of ignimbrite fairy chimneys of Arizona's Basin and Range Province, USA

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