Geophysical evidence for an igneous dike swarm, Buffalo Creek, Northeast Alberta

Ardakani, Elahe P.; Schmitt, Douglas R.; Currie, Claire A.

doi:10.1130/b31602.1

Cited by 7 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Our work extends a growing consensus that vertical dykes can be recognised in seismic reflection data imaging continental margins (e.g. Jaunich, 1983; Kirton and Donato, 1985;Wall et al, 2010;Bosworth et al, 2015;Ardakani et al, 2017;Holford et al, 2017;Malehmir et al, 2018;Plazibat et al, 2019). Key criteria for defining vertical dykes in seismic reflection data include (i) identification of thin, long, tall, typically sub-vertical zones of disturbance within otherwise subparallel reflections defining the host rock (e.g.…”

Section: Implications and Future Studiessupporting

confidence: 60%

“…Jamtveit et al, 2004;Moss and Cartwright, 2010;Cartwright and Santamarina, 2015), strike-slip faults Harding, 1985;Lemiszki and Brown, 1988;Schweig III et al, 1992), or igneous dykes (e.g. Kirton and Donato, 1985;Wall et al, 2010;Ardakani et al, 2017;Holford et al, 2017;Minakov et al, 2018;Plazibat et al, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2, 6, and 7) (e.g. Kirton and Donato, 1985;Wall et al, 2010;Ardakani et al, 2017;Holford et al, 2017;Eide et al, 2018;Minakov et al, 2018;Plazibat et al, 2019) and (ii) the geometry of individual VZDs, as well as that of the array they comprise, are akin to the morphology of dyke swarms exposed at Earth's surface (cf. Figs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2) (e.g. Kirton and Donato, 1985;Wall et al, 2010;Bosworth et al, 2015;Ardakani et al, 2017); i.e. in these cases, dykes do not correspond to discrete reflections but instead appear as "vertical zones of disruption" (VZDs).…”

Section: Dataset and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2) (e.g. Jaunich, 1983; Kirton and Donato, 1985;Wall et al, 2010;Bosworth et al, 2015;Ardakani et al, 2017;Holford et al, 2017;Malehmir et al, 2018;Plazibat et al, 2019). Whilst dykes have been recognised in seismic reflection data (e.g.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Seismic reflection data reveal the 3D structure of the newly discovered Exmouth Dyke Swarm, offshore NW Australia

Magee

Jackson

2020

Solid Earth

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Abstract. Dyke swarms are common on Earth and other planetary bodies, comprising arrays of dykes that can extend laterally for tens to thousands of kilometres. The vast extent of such dyke swarms, and their presumed rapid emplacement, means they can significantly influence a variety of planetary processes, including continental break-up, crustal extension, resource accumulation, and volcanism. Determining the mechanisms driving dyke swarm emplacement is thus critical to a range of Earth Science disciplines. However, unravelling dyke swarm emplacement mechanics relies on constraining their 3D structure, which is difficult given we typically cannot access their subsurface geometry at a sufficiently high enough resolution. Here we use high-quality seismic reflection data to identify and examine the 3D geometry of the newly discovered Exmouth Dyke Swarm, and associated structures (i.e. dyke-induced normal faults and pit craters). Dykes are expressed in our seismic reflection data as ∼335–68 m wide, vertical zones of disruption (VZD), in which stratal reflections are dimmed and/or deflected from sub-horizontal. Borehole data reveal one ∼130 m wide VZD corresponds to an ∼18 m thick, mafic dyke, highlighting that the true geometry of the inferred dykes may not be fully captured by their seismic expression. The Late Jurassic dyke swarm is located on the Gascoyne Margin, offshore NW Australia, and contains numerous dykes that extend laterally for > 170 km, potentially up to > 500 km, with spacings typically < 10 km. Although limitations in data quality and resolution restrict mapping of the dykes at depth, our data show that they likely have heights of at least 3.5 km. The mapped dykes are distributed radially across a ∼39∘ wide arc centred on the Cuvier Margin; we infer that this focal area marks the source of the dyke swarm. We demonstrate that seismic reflection data provide unique opportunities to map and quantify dyke swarms in 3D. Because of this, we can now (i) recognise dyke swarms across continental margins worldwide and incorporate them into models of basin evolution and fluid flow, (ii) test previous models and hypotheses concerning the 3D structure of dyke swarms, (iii) reveal how dyke-induced normal faults and pit craters relate to dyking, and (iv) unravel how dyking translates into surface deformation.

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Section: Implications and Future Studiessupporting

confidence: 60%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Dataset and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seismic reflection data reveal the 3D structure of the newly discovered Exmouth Dyke Swarm, offshore NW Australia

Magee

Jackson

2020

Solid Earth

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Magma Transport Pathways in Large Igneous Provinces: Lessons from Combining Field Observations and Seismic Reflection Data

et al. 2018

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Large Igneous Province (LIP) formation involves the generation, intrusion, and extrusion of significant volumes (typically >1 Mkm 3) of mainly mafic magma and is commonly associated with episodes of mantle plume activity and major plate reconfiguration. Within LIPs, magma transport through Earth's crust over significant vertical (up to tens of kilometres) and lateral (up to thousands of kilometres) distances is facilitated by dyke swarms and sill-complexes. Unravelling how these dyke swarms and sill-complexes develop is critical to: (i) evaluating the spatial and temporal distribution of contemporaneous volcanism and hydrothermal venting, which can drive climate change; (ii) determining melt source regions and volume estimates, which shed light on the mantle processes driving LIP formation; and (iii) assessing the location and form of associated economic ore deposits. Here, we review how seismic reflection data can be used to study the structure and emplacement of sill-complexes and dyke swarms. We particularly show that seismic reflection data can reveal: (i) the connectivity of and magma flow pathways within extensive sill-complexes; (ii) how sill-complexes are spatially accommodated; (iii) changes in the vertical structure of dyke swarms; and (iv) how dyke-induced normal faults and pit chain craters can be used to locate sub-vertical dykes offshore. the most important component of LIP magma plumbing systems and typically form impressive swarms that can extend laterally for >2000 km (Fig. 1) (e.g. Ernst 2014; Ernst and Baragar 1992; Ernst et al. 2001; Ernst et al. 1995; Halls 1982). Giant circumferential (subcircular to elliptical) swarms up to 2000 km in diameter have also been recently recognized (e.g. Buchan and Ernst, 2018a, b). However, field observations reveal that sill-complexes, i.e. extensive interconnected networks of sills and inclined sheets (e.g. the Siberian Trap sillcomplex is exposed over >1.5 × 10 6 km 2), form the primary volumetric elements of many LIP plumbing systems (Fig. 1) (e.g.

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Post-rift magmatism and hydrothermal activity in the central offshore Otway Basin and implications for igneous plumbing systems

2021

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Geophysical evidence for an igneous dike swarm, Buffalo Creek, Northeast Alberta

Cited by 7 publications

References 44 publications

Seismic reflection data reveal the 3D structure of the newly discovered Exmouth Dyke Swarm, offshore NW Australia

Seismic reflection data reveal the 3D structure of the newly discovered Exmouth Dyke Swarm, offshore NW Australia

Magma Transport Pathways in Large Igneous Provinces: Lessons from Combining Field Observations and Seismic Reflection Data

Post-rift magmatism and hydrothermal activity in the central offshore Otway Basin and implications for igneous plumbing systems

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