Geophysical investigation of tumuli by means of surface 3D Electrical Resistivity Tomography

Palaeoenvironments and palaeotopography of a multilayered city during the Etruscan and Roman periods: early interaction of fluvial processes and urban growth at Pisa (Tuscany, Italy)

“…In a key-portion of the study area, close to Piazza Duomo and to the medieval city walls, an Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) profile was acquired to obtain information about palaeochannel geometries. The application of ERT in conjunction with targeted coring has been proposed in different archaeological contexts (Campana and Piro, 2009;Papadopoulos et al, 2010;Tsokas et al, 2009;Ullrich et al, 2007) (Fig. 3).…”

Mapping desiccation fissures using 3-D electrical resistivity tomography

“…The most common method for the acquisition of data for a 3-D survey is the use of parallel 2-D line surveys (Papadopoulos et al, 2010) due to the ease of implementation in a field survey and the simplicity of the post survey data analysis (Loke, 2010). Data from such a survey can be poor as coverage may be low, particularly near the surface, depending on the in-line spacing applied, and the effects of anisotropy cannot be easily identified.…”

“…Data from such a survey can be poor as coverage may be low, particularly near the surface, depending on the in-line spacing applied, and the effects of anisotropy cannot be easily identified. By closely placing the parallel lines the results can be greatly improved (Papadopoulos et al, 2010). Many resistivity units allow orthogonal (2 plane) (Chambers et al, 2002;Rucker et al, 2009) or cross diagonal (4 plane) surveys (Loke and Barker, 1996b), allowing measurement in the x-and y-direction and in two perpendicular, diagonal-directions, providing good coverage of the subsurface and allowing the effects of anisotropic anomalies to be reduced (Aizebeokhai, 2010).…”

“…The survey and subsequent inversion imaged likely positions of tree roots and gravel beds that would not have been visualised using a simple 2-D survey. Papadopoulos et al (2010) surveyed burial mounds using poledipole arrays in densely spaced 2-D lines, to investigate the soil properties of the burial mound and to resolve the burial chambers. Additional orthogonal surveys were also completed, but the authors concluded that no additional information was obtained due to the density of the lines.…”

Electrical Resistivity Tomography for the Modelling of Cultural Deposits and Geomophological Landscapes at Neolithic Sites: a Case Study from Southeastern Hungary

“…The employment of advanced ERT imaging techniques, which can readily cope with complex topography, is relatively new for the investigation of multilayer settlements or similar sites and structures (Papadopoulos et al ., ; Berge and Drahor, ,). A single dipole–dipole ERT line was performed at the early Neolithic site of Movila lui Deciov in Romania to verify the thickness of the archaeological material layer and map the vertical extension of a ditched enclosure (Maillol et al ., ).…”