“…We calculate the monthly GPR index from January 2012 to December 2022 by counting the number of articles related to geopolitical events. Similar to [7,20], we extracted relevant news articles from ten notable newspapers mentioning geopolitical events. These newspapers include Vanguard, This Day, The Punch, the Guardian, Independent Nigeria, Business Day, Daily Trust, Daily Champion, Nigerian Tribune, and P. M. News.…”