Geopolymer as the future oil-well cement: A review

Adjei, Stephen; Elkatatny, Salaheldin; Aggrey, Wilberforce Nkrumah; Abdelraouf, Yasmin A.

doi:10.1016/j.petrol.2021.109485

Cited by 55 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Lately, different researchers investigated the effects of various materials on cement properties such as olive waste, nano clay, granite sludge, polypropylene fibers, perlite and metakaolin . On the other hand, some researchers tried to totally replace OPC through exploring new materials that can form cementitious binders such as geopolymers. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, full-scale deployment in well cementing has yet to be seen. Researchers in the field of cementing are currently examining the characteristics of several geopolymers under wellbore conditions . Geopolymers are produced by the geopolymerization of aluminosilicate substances dissolved in alkali hydroxides and/or soluble silicates at room temperature or high temperatures, forming an amorphous to semicrystalline 3D silicoaluminate network structure. − Geopolymerization refers to geosynthesis, i.e., synthesis of chemically integrated minerals .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of Heavy-Weight Hematite-Based Geopolymers for Oil and Gas Well Cementing

2023

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In the petroleum industry, ordinary Portland cement (OPC) is utilized for different cementing applications. Yet, there are some technical and environmental issues for the usage of OPC in well cementing. The technical problems include gas invasion while setting, instability at corrosive environments, cement failure while perforation and fracturing due to high stiffness and brittleness, and strength reduction and thermal instability at elevated temperatures. Moreover, OPC production consumes massive energy and generates high greenhouse gas emissions. This study introduced the first hematite-based class F fly ash geopolymer formulation that can be used in oil and gas well cementing. Different properties of the designed slurry and hardened samples such as rheology, thickening time, strength, and elastic and petrophysical properties were evaluated. Moreover, mixability and pumpability challenges of heavy-weight geopolymer slurries were investigated. Unlike most of the studies in the literature, this work used 4 M NaOH solution only as an activator that can reduce the overall cost. The results showed that increasing the hematite percentage significantly decreased the thickening time. The developed formulation fell within the recommended fluid loss ranges for some cementing applications without using a fluid loss control additive. A proposed mixture of retarder and superplasticizer was introduced to enhance the thickening time by almost 5 times. The compressive strength increased by 49% and the tensile strength was enhanced by 27.4% by increasing the curing time from 1 to 7 days. The improvement in both compressive and tensile strength with curing time indicated that the geopolymerization reaction continued for extended time but with a smaller rate. The developed slurry acted more like a power law fluid at low temperatures and more like a Bingham plastic fluid at high temperatures. The elastic properties of the developed geopolymer samples proved that they are more flexible than some cement systems.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Heavy-Weight Hematite-Based Geopolymers for Oil and Gas Well Cementing

2023

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“…The application of geopolymer systems in oil-well cementing is still in the research stage. A review study by Adjei et al discussed the investigations that have been performed to date. These studies can be classified under four main categories: (1) geopolymer application in acidic and high saline environments, − (2) geopolymer application in well plug and abandonment, − (3) compatibility of geopolymer with drilling mud, − and (4) effect of temperature on geopolymer systems. − These studies indicated that in comparison to OPC systems, a geopolymer is more durable in aggressive environments, could be an excellent plug material, and is highly compatible with drilling fluid.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Elevated Temperature on the Microstructure of Metakaolin-Based Geopolymer

2022

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Currently, geopolymer is being considered as a future oil-well cement. For wellbore applications, geopolymers are initially tested at specific temperature conditions. However, an oil-wellbore may experience a sudden increase in temperature which may adversely affect geopolymer systems designed for low to moderate temperature conditions. In this work, the effect of elevated temperatures on the microstructure of the geopolymer was simulated. Metakaolin-based geopolymer systems cured at 163 °F for 48 h were subjected to a temperature ramp of 194 °F and 248 °F for 24 h. X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetry analysis techniques were used to study the microstructural changes. The analytical techniques show the formation of new crystalline phases when the geopolymer cured at 163 °F was suddenly exposed to higher temperatures. These crystalline phases, for instance, gobbinsite and anorthite, observed in the microstructure have the potential to cause thermal stress, weaken the system, and ultimately affect the geopolymer’s ability to effectively isolate the formation and support the casing.

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“…Significant improvement in the mechanical properties of cement stone has been reported by Khaliq and Khan, 17 who used calcium aluminate additives (calcium aluminate CaO•Al 2 O 3 ). Adjei et al 18 considered geopolymer as an alternative to Portland cement. Geopolymer is synthesized via the reaction of aluminosilicate materials and alkaline solution; it is resistant to acidic and saline environments, has high compatibility with drilling fluid.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Geopolymer is synthesized via the reaction of aluminosilicate materials and alkaline solution; it is resistant to acidic and saline environments, has high compatibility with drilling fluid. 18 Geopolymer based on fly ash of grade C was found to be the prospect material for cementing of wells. 19 At the end of the twentieth century in the Laboratory of Well Cementing of the Ukrainian State Geological Exploration Institute (Poltava branch) the cementing materials with different component ratios were developed based on high-calcium ash of Estonian oil shale and acid fly ash from Kurakhiv and Ladyzhyn SDPP.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of Hydrolysis in Ethanol Production from Bamboo

Kebede¹

2022

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This research involved optimizing acid hydrolysis in the development of ethanol, a promising alternative energy source for restricted crude oil, from lignocellulosic materials (bamboo). The conversion of bamboo to ethanol can mainly be accomplished through three process steps: pretreatment of bamboo wood for the removal of lignin and hemicellulose, acid hydrolysis of pretreated bamboo for the conversion of cellulose into sugar reduction (glucose) and fermentation of sugars into ethanol using anaerobic Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The effects of parameters (factors) in the hydrolysis step were investigated and the optimum combination of parameters values (temperature, time and acid concentration) was set by experimentation. Factorial design of three-factors-at-two-level with a replica of two (23 = 8, 8•2 = 16) was applied to the hydrolysis step to investigate the effect of hydrolysis parameters on the response variable (ethanol yield) using Design-Expert® 7 software.

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Geopolymer as the future oil-well cement: A review

Cited by 55 publications

References 41 publications

Development of Heavy-Weight Hematite-Based Geopolymers for Oil and Gas Well Cementing

Development of Heavy-Weight Hematite-Based Geopolymers for Oil and Gas Well Cementing

Effect of Elevated Temperature on the Microstructure of Metakaolin-Based Geopolymer

Optimization of Hydrolysis in Ethanol Production from Bamboo

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