Geopolymer-based moisture sensors for reinforced concrete health monitoring

Biondi, L.; Perry, Marcus; McAlorum, Jack; Vlachakis, Christos; Hamilton, Alister

doi:10.1016/j.snb.2020.127775

Cited by 37 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The first region of temperature sensing of reported applications is situated approximately between -30 • C up to around 50 • C. This section encapsulates most of the temperature sensing tests that have been carried out and corresponds to the majority of field and civil engineering applications. The behaviour for this temperature range is fairly straightforward as when the temperature increases, the resistance of the material decreases [24,26,27,65,87,131,139,[148][149][150].…”

Section: Sensing Behaviour At Different Temperaturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…. Self-sensing AAM substrates (a) metakaolin AAM with wound wires [55] (b) metakaolin AAM printed coating with stainless steel wires [27] (c) fly ash AAM with stainless steel wires [65].…”

Section: Sensor Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While the VDP method is typically employed in samples with low thickness, it can also be used in larger specimens as well [65]. The distances between electrodes are essentially predefined by the geometry of the sample.…”

Section: Van Der Pauw Arrangementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, embedding can result in additional stresses to the AAM matrix, resulting in cracking during curing [115,116]. Embedding thin wires (rather than large electrodes) can reduce stress concentration and minimize the mechanical impact of the electrodes on the AAM during curing [27,65].…”

Section: Embed or Surface Mountmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the most part the behaviour of AAM and OPC under temperature change is fairly similar. As a rule of thumb, as the temperature increases, the resistance of the sample decreases due to increased ion mobility at high temperatures [65]. Figure 9 displays the fractional change in impedance of AAM for various temperatures.…”

Section: Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Self-Sensing Alkali-Activated Materials: A Review

2020

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Alkali-activated materials are an emerging technology that can serve as an alternative solution to ordinary Portland cement. Due to their alkaline nature, these materials are inherently more electrically conductive than ordinary Portland cement, and have therefore seen numerous applications as sensors and self-sensing materials. This review outlines the current state-of-the-art in strain, temperature and moisture sensors that have been developed using alkali activated materials. Sensor fabrication methods, electrical conductivity mechanisms, and comparisons with self-sensing ordinary Portland cements are all outlined to highlight best practice and propose future directions for research.

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Section: Sensing Behaviour At Different Temperaturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…. Self-sensing AAM substrates (a) metakaolin AAM with wound wires [55] (b) metakaolin AAM printed coating with stainless steel wires [27] (c) fly ash AAM with stainless steel wires [65].…”

Section: Sensor Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Van Der Pauw Arrangementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Embed or Surface Mountmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Self-Sensing Alkali-Activated Materials: A Review

2020

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Electrical and Sulfate-Sensing Properties of Alkali-Activated Nanocomposites

Davoodabadi¹,

Liebscher²,

Sgarzi³

et al. 2023

Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering

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We investigated the formation of the conductive network of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in alkali-activated nanocomposites for sulfate-sensing applications. The matrix was a one-part blend of fly ash and ground granulated blast-furnace slag, activated by sodium silicate and water. Sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate was used as the surfactant for dispersion of the CNTs in the aqueous media. The nanocomposites were investigated by a laboratory-developed setup to study the electrical and sensing properties of the alkali-activated material. The electrical properties (i.e., conductivity) were calculated and assessed to discover the percolation threshold of the nanocomposites. Furthermore, the sensing behavior of nanocomposites was studied upon sulfate ($${\mathrm{SO}}_{4}^{2-}$$ SO 4 2 - ) exposure by introduction of sulfuric acid ($$({\mathrm{H}}_{2}{\mathrm{SO}}_{4})$$ ( H 2 SO 4 ) ) and magnesium sulfate ($${\mathrm{MgSO}}_{4}$$ MgSO 4 ). The sensors were able to preliminarily exhibit a signal difference based on the introduced media ($${\mathrm{H}}_{2}{\mathrm{SO}}_{4} \&\mathrm{ Mg}{\mathrm{SO}}_{4}$$ H 2 SO 4 & Mg SO 4 ), CNT content and $${\mathrm{H}}_{2}{\mathrm{SO}}_{4}$$ H 2 SO 4 volumetric quantity. The results of this research demonstrated a sensing potential of CNT alkali-activated nanocomposites and can be applied in the concrete structural health monitoring.

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