Geopolymer Composites for Potential Applications in Cultural Heritage

Ricciotti, Laura; Molino, Antonio Jacopo; Roviello, Valentina; Chianese, Elena; Cennamo, Paola; Roviello, Giuseppina

doi:10.3390/environments4040091

Cited by 40 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…It was found that their method could accurately control the early-age phases of the metakaolin geopolymer. Apart from these studies, metakaolin geopolymer can further be applied to civil engineering works, such as a low-cost and self-bearing thermal insulating core for thermostructural sandwich panels [ 31 ], cultural heritage restoration [ 32 ], and as a potential binder for granulation zeolites [ 33 , 34 ]. From these applications, it can be observed that various research topics in metakaolin geopolymer are still ongoing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of a Piezoelectric Bender Element for the Determination of Initial and Final Setting Times of Metakaolin Geopolymer Pastes, with Applications to Laterite Soils

Iamchaturapatr

Piriyakul

Petcherdchoo

2022

Sensors

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This study proposes the use of a non-destructive testing technique, based on piezoelectric bender element tests, to determine the initial and final setting times of metakaolin geopolymer pastes. (1) Background: Metakaolin geopolymer is a new eco-friendly building material that develops strength rapidly and is high in compressive strength. (2) Methods: The initial and the final setting times were investigated via bender element and Vicat needle tests. Metakaolin powder was prepared by treating kaolin at 0, 200, 800, 1000, and 1200 °C. All metakaolin powder samples were then mixed with geopolymer solution at different mixing ratios of 0.8:1.0, 1.0:1.0, 1.2:1.0, and 1.5:1.0. The geopolymer solution was prepared by adding 10 normal concentrations of sodium hydroxide (10 N NaOH) to sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) at various solution ratios of 1.0:1.0, 1.0:1.2, 1.0:1.5, 1.0:2.0, 1.2:1.0, 1.5:1.0 and 2.0:1.0. (3) Results: The optimum temperature for treating metakaolin is established at 1000 °C, with a mixing ratio between the metakaolin powder and the geopolymer solution of 1.0:1.0, as well as a solution ratio between NaOH and Na2SiO3 of 2.0:1.0. (4) Conclusions: The use of piezoelectric bender elements to determine the initial and final setting times of metakaolin geopolymer pastes is a useful method by which to detect geopolymerization by shear wave velocity in a real-time manner. Moreover, the penetration of the Vicat apparatus can confirm the setting times at specific intervals. The relationships between the shear wave velocity and the Vicat penetration appear to be linear, with an initial setting time of 168 m/s and a final setting time of 187 m/s. Finally, the optimum metakaolin geopolymer pastes are applied to improve laterite soils, as measured by CBR tests.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of a Piezoelectric Bender Element for the Determination of Initial and Final Setting Times of Metakaolin Geopolymer Pastes, with Applications to Laterite Soils

Iamchaturapatr

Piriyakul

Petcherdchoo

2022

Sensors

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“…The compatibility of the binding materials used in the restoration works of historical buildings is very important 21 . In recent studies, it has been observed that modern restoration materials and building materials used in ancient times are different from each other 22 . One difference between modern and ancient geopolymeric types of binders is the nature of the alkalis that activate the setting of the geopolymers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of performable geopolymer mortars for use as repair material

Maraş

2021

Structural Concrete

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Heritage masonry constructions constitute an important percentage of the structures in many countries. These structures are highly vulnerable to environmental changes (such as earthquakes), and significant losses in masonry historical constructions occur even in a moderate earthquake. For this reason, damage assessment studies of these structures before earthquakes are of great importance. After an earthquake, historical buildings in Turkey were examined and it was found that many buildings underwent damage. In these structures, damage occurs during the earthquake due to the use of low‐quality materials and a lack of sufficient connections between the layers. In these buildings, damage especially occurs in the parts that undergo restoration. Since low‐strength repair mortars are generally used in the restored sections, wide cracks have occurred in the building elements under the effect of earthquakes. This study aimed to produce alternative materials that could be used as geopolymer binders in restorated buildings. The mechanical, physical, and microstructural characteristics of the geopolymer samples were investigated in detail using laboratory tests. As a result, the strength of geopolymer repair materials with 8 M and 5% calcium hydroxide (Ca[OH]2) was very high when compared with other values. High‐strength compatible alternative geopolymer repair mortars that could be used for restoration were produced. For this reason, mortar is considered a significant application for repairing and strengthening buildings.

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“…A few papers deal with the preparation and characterization of geopolymers as matrixes for composite materials. For instance, Catauro et al [13] investigated the behavior of the metakaolin-based geopolymeric matrix incorporating waste glasses, Ricciotti et al [14] investigated the addition of a limited content of epoxy resin to the geopolymer paste while Tamburini et al [15] tested a system made of geopolymer and fibers on bricks. The peculiar properties of the geopolymers determine their broad application field [16] ranging from coatings to protect reinforced concrete against corrosion [17] to reinforce a sculptural artwork [18] in which the use of a composite obtained by adding a filler to the geopolymer matrix satisfy the restorers demand, i.e., to get close the original porosity, color, and composition of the statue.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Building geopolymers for CuHe part I: thermal properties of raw materials as precursors for geopolymers

Pulidori

Lluveras‐Tenorio

Carosi

et al. 2021

J Therm Anal Calorim

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This paper presents the results obtained from the thermal analysis of a set of geomaterials (clays, pyroclastic materials, and industrial recycled materials) to be used as raw materials for the synthesis of geopolymers, specifically designed for the conservation of Cultural Heritage (CH) buildings, particularly in seismic hazard zones such as Sicily. X-ray diffraction and gas volumetric analysis (calcimetry) were applied to this set of raw materials in order to characterize the materials from the chemical and structural point of view. Thermogravimetric analysis (TG), TG coupled to Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (TG-FTIR), and differential scanning calorimetry were used to characterize their thermal behavior. The statistical treatment of the thermogravimetric data by principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering analysis highlights the direct relation between the thermal data and the material composition that will be exploited for the selection of the best materials to obtain geopolymers specifically designed for the conservation of CH buildings.

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Geopolymer Composites for Potential Applications in Cultural Heritage

Cited by 40 publications

References 39 publications

Use of a Piezoelectric Bender Element for the Determination of Initial and Final Setting Times of Metakaolin Geopolymer Pastes, with Applications to Laterite Soils

Use of a Piezoelectric Bender Element for the Determination of Initial and Final Setting Times of Metakaolin Geopolymer Pastes, with Applications to Laterite Soils

Characterization of performable geopolymer mortars for use as repair material

Building geopolymers for CuHe part I: thermal properties of raw materials as precursors for geopolymers

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