Geopolymers and polymers in the conservation of tile facades

Moutinho, Sara; Costa, Cristiana; Cerqueira, Ângela; Rocha, Fernando; Velosa, A. L.

doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.11.058

Cited by 21 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The most frequently used resin is Paraloid ® B72. Many recent studies confirm the good qualities of Paraloid ® for different restoration treatments [4][5][6][7][8]. Paraloid ® is very used as a reference when testing or studying new products [9][10][11][12][13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Effect of solvent on PARALOID® B72 and B44 acrylic resins used as adhesives in conservation

et al. 2019

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Paraloid ® is one of the most frequently used acrylic polymers, employed mainly for its adhesive and consolidating properties in the conservation of a wide range of materials. Appreciated for its reversibility, mechanical characteristics and ease of use, application of the polymer requires it to be simply dissolved in a solvent. Nevertheless, the chemical nature of the relevant solvent must be regarded as an essential parameter, due to its influence on the physico-chemical characteristics of the resulting adhesive film. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the solvents used with Paraloid ® acrylic resin on adhesive film properties, and more specifically on their thermophysical characteristics. Two compounds used in conservation (Paraloid ® B72 and B44) and six solvents (ethanol, acetone, ethyl acetate, ethyl lactate, butyl acetate and toluene) were used to make adhesive film replicates. Thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analyses allowed us to determine the value of the glass transition temperature (Tg) of solvent/Paraloid ® mixtures. Mass monitoring of the films enabled us to correlate Tg values with the quantity of residual solvent. Results showed that all the solvents remained present for a long time in Paraloid ® films when drying took place at room temperature. Moreover, DSC analysis highlighted the fact that residual solvent had a considerable impact on the value of film Tg. In fact, residual solvent significantly lowered the Tg value of Paraloid ® (by up to 30 °C below its theoretical value). This underlined the importance of taking the impact of solvent on resin properties into account.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Effect of solvent on PARALOID® B72 and B44 acrylic resins used as adhesives in conservation

et al. 2019

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“…Sporadic silver/gold-like millimetric lamellae are visible together with some white spots. According to the literature [26,[30][31][32][33][34][35], sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and sodium silicate (Na 2 SiO 3 ) were selected as alkaline activating solutions. A concentration of 8 M NaOH was chosen in order to have an enough alkaline medium, preventing possible excessive efflorescence, without being excessively aggressive towards the environment.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Industrial Ceramics: From Waste to New Resources for Eco-Sustainable Building Materials

et al. 2023

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Today, the need to dispose of a huge amount of ceramic industrial waste represents an important problem for production plants. Contextually, it is increasingly difficult to retrieve new mineral resources for the realization of building materials. Reusing ceramic industrial waste as precursors for building blocks/binders, exploiting their aluminosilicate composition for an alkaline activation process, could solve the problem. This chemical process facilitates the consolidation of new binders/blocks without thermal treatments and with less CO2 emissions if compared with traditional cements/ceramics. The alkali-activated materials (AAMs) are today thought as the materials of the future, eco-sustainable and technically advanced. In this study, six different kind of industrial ceramic waste are compared in their chemical and mineralogical composition, together with their thermal behaviour, reactivity in an alkaline environment and surface area characteristics, with the aim of converting them from waste into new resources. Preliminary tests of AAM synthesis by using 80%–100% of ceramic waste as a precursor show promising results. Workability, porosity and mechanical strengths in particular are measured, showing as, notwithstanding the presence of carbonate components, consolidated materials are obtained, with similar results. The main factors which affect the characteristics of the synthetized AAMs are the precursors’ granulometry, curing temperature and the proportions of the activating solutions.

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“…Geopolymer concrete has been used in various applications such as waste management [ 205 ], civil engineering [ 222 , 223 ], cements and concretes [ 224 , 225 ], building retrofit [ 226 ] and as an alternative binder to replace OPC [ 226 , 227 , 228 ]. Applications have been extended to pavements [ 229 , 230 , 231 , 232 ] and building facades [ 223 , 229 , 232 ] and special function coatings [ 233 ]. Aguirre-Guerrero et al [ 234 ] explored the potential of hybrid geopolymer coatings as a protective coating for reinforced concrete structures subjected to a marine environment.…”

Section: Geopolymer Composites With Self-cleaning Capabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the Possibilities of Developing Cementitious or Geopolymer Composite Materials with Specific Performances by Exploiting the Photocatalytic Properties of TiO2 Nanoparticles

et al. 2023

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Starting from the context of the principles of Sustainable Development and Circular Economy concepts, the paper presents a synthesis of research in the field of the development of materials of interest, such as cementitious composites or alkali-activated geopolymers. Based on the reviewed literature, the influence of compositional or technological factors on the physical-mechanical performance, self-healing capacity and biocidal capacity obtained was analyzed. The inclusion of TiO2 nanoparticles in the matrix increase the performances of cementitious composites, producing a self-cleaning capacity and an anti-microbial biocidal mechanism. As an alternative, the self-cleaning capacity can be achieved through geopolymerization, which provides a similar biocidal mechanism. The results of the research carried out indicate the real and growing interest for the development of these materials but also the existence of some elements still controversial or insufficiently analyzed, therefore concluding the need for further research in these areas. The scientific contribution of this study consists of bringing together two apparently distinct research directions in order to identify convergent points, to create a favorable framework for the development of an area of research little addressed so far, namely, the development of innovative building materials by combining improved performance with the possibility of reducing environmental impact, awareness and implementation of the concept of a Circular Economy.

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Geopolymers and polymers in the conservation of tile facades

Cited by 21 publications

References 10 publications

Effect of solvent on PARALOID® B72 and B44 acrylic resins used as adhesives in conservation

Effect of solvent on PARALOID® B72 and B44 acrylic resins used as adhesives in conservation

Industrial Ceramics: From Waste to New Resources for Eco-Sustainable Building Materials

Study on the Possibilities of Developing Cementitious or Geopolymer Composite Materials with Specific Performances by Exploiting the Photocatalytic Properties of TiO2 Nanoparticles

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