“…In Brazil, surveys on the radioactivity in soil were conducted mainly in the areas with high natural background radiation (HBRA), as for example in Poços de Caldas, on the beaches of monazite sand in the Espírito Santo State (Franca, 1963;Roser et al, 1964), and in other specific and restricted areas (Amaral, 1992;Malanca et al, 1993;Amaral and Mazzilli, 1997;Lauria, 1999;Alencar and Freitas, 2005;Santos Júnior et al, 2006;Hiromoto et al, 2007;Umisedo, 2007;Cardoso et al, 2009;Lauria, 2009). However, large-scale systematic surveys on soil radioactivity are not available in Brazil and to date, QRVs for radionuclides were only established in two Brazilian states (Peres, 2007;Peixoto, 2013).…”