Geospatial Analysis of Building Structures in Megacity Dhaka: the Use of Spatial Statistics for Promoting Data-driven Decision-making

Abstract

Information on spatial building structures is limited, but it can support efficient planning and management in the context of fastgrowing big cities in many developing countries. In this paper, we present a spatial analysis approach that includes an estimate of building intensity in the megacity of Dhaka and a spatial analysis using spatial statistics. The entire city was divided into regular grids and the building intensity (both horizontal and vertical) was extracted using vector type building information; the spatial statistics were calculated on the basis of Moran's I and Gini indices. The variability of the estimated spatial statistics is interpreted according to co-relationship or clustering patterns with the location of the central business district (CBD) area as well as the public bus transit infrastructure (routes and stops). The results show that the residential building structure intensity is prominent and the concentrations are distributed all over the city. The mixed-use type building structures show highest clustering, with fewer outliers in the old part of the city. The vertical-use intensities indicate extreme clustering within highly intensified building activity in the nearby CBD area. The higher presence of low-low clustering of horizontal intensity indicated low development at the suburban area. However, the strongly clustered grid cells within residential sector as well as horizontal development classes are less accessible by bus transit within a defined catchment area, whereas the service sector and vertical development type seem to be more accessible. This type of geographic approach, visualization, and statistical information can help in making data-driven planning decisions with the advantage of monitoring urban development; however, the modeling sensitivity and uncertainties in the building data set remain open for further investigation.

The Potential of Open Space for Enhancing Urban Seismic Resilience: A literature Review

“…As the topic is new and still developing, there is no consistency in seismic resilience evaluation. For the purpose of resilience assessment, a spatial analysis of build environment [99] should include an evaluation of open space. Nevertheless, a lack of quantitative studies on open space for urban seismic resilience has been recognized in this study.…”

Urban Landscape Change Analysis Using Local Climate Zones and Object-Based Classification in the Salt Lake Metro Region, Utah, USA

“…Importantly, these results imply that microclimates may change without substantial changes in urban morphology defining LCZs, due to synergistic effects of broader-scale urban configuration and increasing ambient and surface temperatures. Changes in urban energy consumption and anthropogenic heat sources could also contribute to thermal shifts without an apparent change in urban morphology [19,87]. These considerations should be taken into account by spatial land use planning and policy to strategically plan for local cooling via landscape design measures to mitigate the broader warming introduced by urban development and promote more sustainable management of water and energy resources [16,19,[87][88][89][90].…”

“…Changes in urban energy consumption and anthropogenic heat sources could also contribute to thermal shifts without an apparent change in urban morphology [19,87]. These considerations should be taken into account by spatial land use planning and policy to strategically plan for local cooling via landscape design measures to mitigate the broader warming introduced by urban development and promote more sustainable management of water and energy resources [16,19,[87][88][89][90]. As many LCZ analyses to date have been performed as single-year, the feedbacks between LCZ-specific microclimates and the broader urban environment represent an important direction for future work.…”

Spatial-temporal potential exposure risk analytics and urban sustainability impacts related to COVID-19 mitigation: A perspective from car mobility behaviour

“…(2019) assessed tourist behaviour based on spatial-temporal information of the venue check-in to improve the management of gaming destinations. Sikder et al. (2019) estimated the building intensity using spatial statistics to make data-driven planning decision for urban development.…”