Geospatial Analysis of Oil Spill in the Selected Parts of the Niger Delta

Abstract

Purpose: Oil pollution started as a cause of oil business in Nigeria that demonstrates political and economic undertone. Oil spills occurred during exploration, production and distribution of petroleum products, and created environmental impact. The nature of the business has indirect implicitness on the soil, water and the entire ecology as a whole. The aim of the paper was to analyse oil spill Geospatially and its objective was to discuss the causes, modelling and the sources of oil spill.
 Methodology: The materials used were cover ArcGIS 10.7, MS word, ENVI 4.5 and Landsat imagery of 2019 and the methodology involved image classification, vectorization, and spatial analysis.
 Findings: The study found out that illegal bunkering site are the causes of the spill, Asari-Toru reported 3, Delga 5 and Akulga 1. The study evaluated the impact level against thirty-four communities, Buguma, Tombia, Sama, Krakrama, Idama and Bille are placed under very high impacted state from (0.111m2 - 0.133m2). Following the stratification of the impacted result, Ido, Abalama, Opurobokokiri, Ifoko and Sangama are recorded against high area (0.083m2 -0.111m2). The mapping showed that the spread of oil spill cover 79416.180ha against 24.976% from the classification scheme.
 Conclusion: Satellite imageries have demonstrated the effectiveness of satellite-based mapping over the earth activity, especially oil pollution in the selected Local Government Area of Rivers State, Nigeria.
 Recommendation: The study recommended that Oil bunkers should stop the bunkering, and oil companies should set up vigilante group to monitoring the network of pipelines.

Addressing Heavy Metal Pollution in Nigeria: Evaluating Policies, Assessing Impacts, and Enhancing Remediation Strategies

“…Oil spills, a frequent occurrence, release metals like lead, mercury, and cadmium into the environment (Nagajyoti et al, 2010;Egbon and Mgbame, 2020;Nuhu et al, 2021). Gas flaring, a longstanding issue with economic and environmental consequences, adds further to the problem by polluting air and soil with heavy metals (Hassan, 2020;Nkemdilim et al, 2021;Jonah and Francis, 2023). Beyond oil and gas, industrial processes like mining, smelting, and emissions contribute significantly to heavy metal pollution, as studies across various environmental matrices in Nigeria demonstrate (Ogundele et al, 2017;Zo et al, 2018;Nachana'a Timothy, 2019).…”