Geostatisztika a talajtérképezésben – Szemle –

Szatmári, Gábor; Pásztor, László

doi:10.1556/0088.2016.65.1.7

Cited by 4 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…27 Meanwhile, however, while the basic principles are common, social rights have not developed in the same way in different countries. Thus, during historical development, the measures that have created social rights have tended to include the first factory laws, which were provisions creating guarantees of labour rights 28 and provisions that created the roots of the state's social security-health insurance-obligations on the other. 29 There are divergent views on the exact content and meaning of international social law.…”

Section: International Social Law In the Social Rights Dimensionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 2011, the new act on benefits was proposed and adopted. 28 In the interest of social integration of handicapped persons, principal attention concentrates on their employment and all measures enhancing such employment, particularly their working rehabilitation. Instruments used in the framework of state employment policy for the promotion of the employment of the handicapped comprise economic incentives or administrative measures.…”

Section: Benefitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…108/2006 Coll., on social services, regulates social care services provided to people with a certain level of dependency. According to this Act, a person shall be considered dependent on the assistance of another physical person according to four degrees (slight, medium-strong, strong and total dependence) and their health status, as examined by a physician of the district social security administration, which narrowly collaborates 28 The problem however, was that it entered into force not even two months after it was adopted. Thus, many offices lacked adequate time to prepare properly for such a change (including some technical changes; for example, new software to provide the benefits to the clients).…”

Section: Benefitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sustainability of the Social Security System : Demographic Challenges and Answers in Central Europe

2023

Legal Studies on Central Europe

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by such means as the accumulation of insurance or employment periods completed under the legislation of each of the Parties.Article 13 of the Revised European Social Charter, which guarantees the right to social and medical assistance, posits that With a view to ensuring the effective exercise of the right to social and medical assistance, the Parties undertake: to ensure that any person who is without 16 Nóra JAKAB the Slovenian and Romanian examples, the region has, thus far, seen no progress. This book does not address migration issues, which are crucial for sustainability, as the population of Central Europe is dying, and migrants are increasingly using the services of the social security system. Finally, long regarded as second-rate rights or disregarded in practice, implemented sparingly, and partly insufficiently backed by active, coherent measures to guarantee their exercise, we believe social rights are reemerging in bad economic times. We agree with Vallasek that the question of social rights is a particularly important topic these days, as global society is facing renewed crises from economic recessions, inflations, the pandemic, and wars. In this context, the issue of sustainability of the social system is a key factor. The issue of social law and social policy can never be considered alone but must be interpreted along with the education, health, labour, and even tax policy of the given state. Thus, the need for a coherent, long-term planned social policy is unequivocal. 10 10 Vallasek, 2023.

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Section: International Social Law In the Social Rights Dimensionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Benefitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Benefitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sustainability of the Social Security System : Demographic Challenges and Answers in Central Europe

2023

Legal Studies on Central Europe

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“…A talajmintavételezés hagyományos módszerei közvetlen, megbízható adatokat szolgáltatnak, azonban idő-és költségigényesek, nagy területet érintő talajtérképezés során jelentős anyagi forrásokat igényelhetnek (SZABÓ et al, 2005). Bár a hagyományos módszertan a jövőben is várhatóan alapját fogja képezni a talajviszonyok felmérésének, a térképezés módszertana jelentős fejlődésen ment keresztül az utóbbi két évtizedben (DOBOS et al, 2007;SZATMÁRI & PÁSZTOR, 2016. A nagyobb léptékű talajtérképezésben jelentős előrelépést eredményezett a távérzékelési módszerek fejlődése (VISCARRA ROSSEL & ADAMCHUK, 2013;DEERY et al, 2014).…”

Section: Bevezetésunclassified

Fourier-transzformációs közép-infravörös spektroszkópia alapú szervesanyag-tartalom becslés tábla szintű reprezentativitás-vizsgálata kemometriai módszerekkel

Attila

Réka

Szegi

et al. 2021

Agrokem

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Szervesszén térképezést segítő módszertani kutatásként vizsgáltuk egy szántóföldi művelés alatt álló terület, 3 mélységből származó mintáinak MIR reflektanciáját, illetve szervesszén tartalmát (Walkley-Black). Ezt követően a spektroszkópia mérések eredményeit használtuk a talaj szervesszén-mennyiségének (TOC %) becslésére. Tettük ezt 3 mintakijelölési módszer (Kennard-Stone Sampling - KSS, K-means Sampling - KMS, Latin Hypercube Sampling - LHS) bevonásával, az így kijelölt kalibrációs mintákkal a PLSR modell segítségével becslést végeztünk az adathalmaz további értékeire. Annak érdekében, hogy tábla szintű szervesszén meghatározás során teszteljük becslési pontosságukat, a modellek reprezentativitását – különböző validációs/kalibrációs arány esetén – statisztikai mutatókkal (R2, RMSE) ellenőriztük.Az eredményekben részleteiben vizsgáltuk a különböző becslési modellek reakcióját eltérő arányú kalibráció és validáció esetén. A modellek R2 és RMSE értékei alapján kijelöltük, hogy mely modellek működtek pontosan még alacsony kalibráció esetén is, illetve abszolút értelemben véve melyik modell volt leghatékonyabb.Az összehasonlítás eredményeként kijelenthető, hogy az általunk vizsgált talajkörülmények között a 30% alatti, valamint a 70% feletti mintaszámú kalibráció a mintakijelölési módszerek megbízhatóságának ingadozását eredményezte. Az összes minta 30%-val történő kalibráció esetén legjobb eredményt a KSS adta, így ez tekinthető a leggazdaságosabb módszernek. Az abszolút értékben vett legkisebb hibát a K-means sampling eredményezte, a minták 90%-val történő kalibrációt követően.Kijelenthető, hogy az alkalmazott módszertan esetünkben alkalmas volt – a reprezentativitás megtartása mellett – a szükséges minták számának, ergo a táblaszintű szervesszén-felmérés költségeinek csökkentésére. Továbbá a mintakijelölési módszerek becslési hatékonyságának összehasonlítására is megfelelt az általunk alkalmazott statisztikai vizsgálat. A módszertan a jövőben kiinduló alapja lehet hasonló jellegű kutatásoknak, valamint tábla szintű szervesszéntérképek elkészítésének. A szélesebb körű alkalmazást megelőzően a modelleket nagyobb varianciájú adathalmazok esetén is tesztelni szükséges.Within the framework of the present research, we mapped the organic carbon content of an arable area, during which we measured the MIR reflectance and organic carbon content (Walkley-Black) of the soil samples collected from the area at three different depths. Subsequently, the results of spectroscopic measurements were used to improve the estimation of the soil organic carbon content (TOC %). Three sample selection models were involved (KSS, KMS, LHS), and with the selected calibration samples, we estimated the additional values of the data set using the PLSR model. In order to test the accuracy of estimation for a table-level organic carbon determination, the representativeness level of the models was checked with statistical indicators (R2, RMSE) at different validation / calibration ratios.In the results, we thoroughly examined the response of different estimation models with different ratios of calibration and validation. Based on the R2 and RMSE values of the models, we determined which models worked precisely even at low calibration, and in absolute terms, which model was the most efficient.As a result of the comparison, it can be stated that under the soil conditions we examined, calibration with a sample number below 30% and above 70% caused significant fluctuations in the reliability of the sampling methods. Kennard-Stone sampling (KSS) gave the most precise results for calibration with 30% of all samples, thus it is considered the most economical method. The smallest error overall was given by K-means sampling after calibration of 90% of the samples.It can be stated that the methodology used in this study was suitable to reduce the samples required for analysis - while maintaining representativeness - therefore reducing the costs of the field-level organic carbon survey.Furthermore, the statistical analysis we used to compare the estimation efficiency of the sampling methods was also appropriate. The methodology we use may be the basis for similar research in the future, as well as for the production of table-level organic carbon maps. Prior to wider application, models also need to be tested for higher variance datasets.

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“…et al 2003;Lagacherie, P. et al 2006;Szatmári, G. et al 2013;Pásztor, L. and Takács, K. 2014;Sisák, I. and Benő, A. 2014;Szatmári, G. and Pásztor, L. 2016). Soil data is needed for several applications, but only in a format that can be integrated into the existing models.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel approach for mapping WRB soil units – A methodology for a global SOTER coverage

et al. 2019

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Traditional soil maps present soil information in the form of categorical classes of soil types classified on the appropriate level of the applied classification system corresponding to the scale. Soil complexes and associations have been used to describe polygons. This kind of data structure is useful to characterise an area by explaining its soil resources. However, it is difficult to convert these complex categorical units into a simple digital variable, the usage of this kind of data in a digital environment is limited. Users often need single properties instead of the complex classes. Additionally, the problem becomes more complicated when soil information of different origin, based on different classification systems has to be integrated into a common, harmonised database. The presented methodology is part of the efforts to develop a global SOTER (World Soil and Terrain database) coverage and contribute to the global soil observing s as part of the Global Earth Observing System of Systems (GEOSS). The aim is to determine and map the relevant soil properties, horizons and materials following the diagnostic concepts of the World Reference Base (WRB) for soil resources and derive the occurrence probability of soil classes (WRB reference soil groups) of certain spots with the application of remote sensing and digital soil mapping tools. The developed method is referred as the e-SOTER approach and is capable of producing a stack of soil diagnostic element layers with the likelihood of their occurrence within each pixel and a layer of WRB reference soil groups (RSG). This new approach may provide better input for modellers and predict the spatial continuum of the soil cover in a much better resolution than the traditional polygon based approaches. At the same time the diagnostic elements, as building blocks of the classification systems, help the correlation of the national soil classes into integrated databases and maps.

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Geostatisztika a talajtérképezésben – Szemle –

Cited by 4 publications

References 64 publications

Sustainability of the Social Security System : Demographic Challenges and Answers in Central Europe

Sustainability of the Social Security System : Demographic Challenges and Answers in Central Europe

Fourier-transzformációs közép-infravörös spektroszkópia alapú szervesanyag-tartalom becslés tábla szintű reprezentativitás-vizsgálata kemometriai módszerekkel

A novel approach for mapping WRB soil units – A methodology for a global SOTER coverage

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