Geotechnical and geological studies of Adit-6 of the railway tunnel between Rishikesh and Karnprayag in India focusing on the excavation methods and design of support analysis: a case study

Azad, Md Alquamar; Singh, Somendra Kumar; Alok, Apurva; Meenakshi, Meenakshi; Shekhar, Saurav; Kumar, Pardeep

doi:10.1007/s12517-021-09355-7

Cited by 15 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…A range of approaches is used for classifying a rockmass based on a variety of variables (Azad et al 2022;Cai et al 2007). However, we adopted different rockmass classification schemes following Rock mass rating (Bieniawski, 1989), Tunneling Quality Index (Barton et al, 1974), Rock mass Number (Goel et al 1995), Rock Mass Index (Palmstrom 2000), Geological…”

Section: A B Engineering Rockmass Classificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of correlations between various engineering rockmass classification systems using railway tunnel data in Garhwal Himalaya, India

Azad,

Najeh,

Raina

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Rockmass classifications are an integral part of engineering design and excavation procedures of tunnels and other underground structures. These classifications are directly linked to ground reaction and support requirements, and various classification systems are widely used across the globe. However, as different classifications serve different purposes, it is imperative to establish inter-correlatability between them. Despite the availability of numerous rock mass classifications, there are still gaps in understanding the behavior of rock masses, particularly in complex rockmass conditions. The aim of this study is to bridge this gap by establishing an engineering classification for metamorphic rocks in the Himalayan region. Data from 34 locations along a 618-meter-long railway tunnel in the Garhwal Himalaya of India were collected to evaluate rockmass classes in an adit. Using this data, existing classification systems were reviewed, and new correlations were developed between different rock classifications. The study primarily focuses on local rockmass conditions and examines Rock Mass Rating (RMR), Q-system (Q), Rock Mass Number (Qn), Rock Condition Rating (RCR), Rock Mass Index (RMi), Rock Structure Rating (RSR), and Geological Strength Index (GSI). Our analysis indicates that certain correlations, such as RMR-Q, RMR-RMi, RMi-Q, and RSR-Q, are comparable to those previously established, while others, such as RSR-RMR, RCR-Qn, and GSI-RMR, show weak correlations. These deviations in published correlations may be due to individual parameters of estimation or measurement errors. Furthermore, we found that incompatible classification systems exhibit low correlations. Our study highlights the need to revisit existing correlations, particularly for rockmass conditions that are extremely complex, and the predictability of existing correlations exhibit high variations. In conclusion, our study contributes to a better understanding of rockmass classifications and provides a more comprehensive engineering classification of metamorphic rocks in the Himalayan region. By establishing new correlations between existing classification systems, this study can serve as a guide for future rock engineering projects and aid in developing appropriate excavation techniques.

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Section: A B Engineering Rockmass Classificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of correlations between various engineering rockmass classification systems using railway tunnel data in Garhwal Himalaya, India

Azad,

Najeh,

Raina

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…Numerous approaches for classifying rock masses are employed to generate a picture of the rock mass composition and properties to offer early estimates of support needs [2]. The adit tunnel's rock mass was classified using an internationally known rock mass classification method, specifically the Q [3], RMR [4], and the NATM, based on ONORM B 2203 [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of a Preliminary Support Design of Railway Tunnel Adit in Inner Lesser Himalaya India: An Empirical Analysis

Azad

Singh

et al. 2022

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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This article addresses the excavation method and support design for the adit tunnel in the Rudraprayag District, Lesser Himalayas of India, using Rock Mass Rating (RMR), Tunneling Quality Index (Q), and New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM). Based on ONORM B 2203 correlations with RMR and Q systems, the New Austrian Tunneling Method rock structure classes were developed. Because the geology was constantly changing, NATM concepts were applied. The RMR-based rock mass estimates were overestimated, but the qualitative investigation was correct. The NATM method is more appropriate for a Garhwal Himalayan rock with varying rock mass uncertainty. The present adit research reveals several outstanding questions about rock mass quality, tunnel behavior during construction, and use. The analysis results might be used to build new tunnels in comparable terrain in other parts of the world.

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Feasibility Analysis of Mega Tunnel in Himalayan Region

Deshpande,

Hedaoo

2024

Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering

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Geotechnical and geological studies of Adit-6 of the railway tunnel between Rishikesh and Karnprayag in India focusing on the excavation methods and design of support analysis: a case study

Cited by 15 publications

References 24 publications

Development of correlations between various engineering rockmass classification systems using railway tunnel data in Garhwal Himalaya, India

Development of correlations between various engineering rockmass classification systems using railway tunnel data in Garhwal Himalaya, India

Evaluation of a Preliminary Support Design of Railway Tunnel Adit in Inner Lesser Himalaya India: An Empirical Analysis

Feasibility Analysis of Mega Tunnel in Himalayan Region

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