Geotechnical behavior of high-plastic clays treated with biopolymer: macro–micro-study

Hamza, Muhammad; Nie, Zhihong; Ijaz, Nauman; Akram, Osama; Fang, Chuanfeng; Ghani, Muhammad Usman; Ijaz, Zain; Noshin, Sadaf; Madni, Muhammad Faizan

doi:10.1007/s12665-023-10760-2

Cited by 28 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…The study demonstrated improvements in index properties, compressive strength, and water erosion resistance, attributed to morphological changes due to the interaction between the soil and the long-chained biopolymer strings. Similarly, Hamza et al 29 found that XG-induced clay aggregation enhanced geotechnical parameters of soils such as strength, consolidation, hydraulic conductivity, and freeze–thaw durability. Kang et al 30 compared the effects of various biopolymers on the settling characteristics of kaolinite and fly ashes, revealing that cationic biopolymers induced fabric changes in kaolinite through bridging and charge neutralization, resulting in an increased settling velocity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Xanthan biopolymer-based soil treatment effect on kaolinite clay fabric and structure using XRD analysis

Kwon

Chang

Cho

2023

Sci Rep

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In this study, we evaluated the impact of xanthan gum biopolymer (XG) on kaolinite fabrics using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and the ensuing changes in the compaction behavior and shear resistance of kaolinite soils. The XRD peak analysis revealed that XG changed kaolinite fabrics into face-to-face associations. Moreover, environmental scanning electron microscopy showed the formation of XG-bridges between kaolinite particles, resulting in the change in fabrics and subsequently improving the resistance of kaolinite to external forces. Consequently, as XG content increased, the maximum dry density decreased, and the undrained shear strength increased. The viscous XG hydrogels produced a higher optimal moisture content and increased resistance to shear force. This study showed that XG affects the mechanical properties of kaolinite through changing kaolinite fabrics (up to 0.5% of the XG-to-kaolinite mass ratio) and absorbing pore-fluids (excess XG over 0.5% of the XG-to-kaolinite mass ratio).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Xanthan biopolymer-based soil treatment effect on kaolinite clay fabric and structure using XRD analysis

Kwon

Chang

Cho

2023

Sci Rep

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“…Due to electrically charged clay grains in the soil fabric, direct interactions (electrostatic or hydrogen bonding) between xanthan gum monomers and clay grains take place. These X monomers improve the contact area between grains by forming interconnected cation bridges, thickening the gel that covers the surfaces of the grains, and covering their surfaces [41].…”

Section: Structural Electron Microscopy (Sem)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Embodied Energy in the Production of Guar and Xanthan Biopolymers and Their Cross-Linking Effect in Enhancing the Geotechnical Properties of Cohesive Soil

Kumar,

Moghal,

Vydehi

et al. 2023

Buildings

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Traditional soil stabilization techniques, such as cement and lime, are known for their menacing effect on the environment through heavy carbon emissions. Sustainable soil stabilization methods are grabbing attention, and the utilization of biopolymers is surely one among them. Recent studies proved the efficiency of biopolymers in enhancing the geotechnical properties to meet the requirements of the construction industry. The suitability of biopolymer application in different soils is still unexplored, and the carbon footprint analysis (CFA) of biopolymers is crucial in promoting the biopolymers as a promising sustainable soil stabilization method. This study attempts to investigate the out-turn of cross-linked biopolymer on soils exhibiting different plasticity characteristics (Medium & High compressibility) and to determine the Embodied carbon factor (ECF) for the selected biopolymers. Guar (G) and Xanthan (X) biopolymers were cross-linked at different proportions to enhance the geotechnical properties of soils. Atterberg’s limits, Compaction characteristics, and Unconfined Compressive Strength were chosen as performance indicators, and their values were analyzed at different combinations of biopolymers before and after cross-linking. The test results have shown that Atterberg’s limits of the soils increased with the addition of biopolymers, and it is attributed to the formation of hydrogels in the soil matrix. Compaction test results reveal that the Optimum Moisture Content (OMC) of biopolymer-modified soil increased, and Maximum Dry Density (MDD) reduced due to the resistance offered by hydrogel against compaction effort. Soils amended with biopolymers and cured for 14, 28, and 60 days have shown an appreciable improvement in Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) results. Microlevel analysis was carried out using SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) and FTIR (Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy) to formulate the mechanism responsible for the alteration in targeted performance indicators due to the cross-linking of biopolymers in the soil. The embodied energy in the production of both Guar and Xanthan biopolymers was calculated, and the obtained ECF values were 0.087 and 1.67, respectively.

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Stability of Xanthan Gum–Soil Cohesive Networks

Mohamed,

O’Kelly,

Soltani

2024

Green Energy and Technology

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Geotechnical behavior of high-plastic clays treated with biopolymer: macro–micro-study

Cited by 28 publications

References 54 publications

Xanthan biopolymer-based soil treatment effect on kaolinite clay fabric and structure using XRD analysis

Xanthan biopolymer-based soil treatment effect on kaolinite clay fabric and structure using XRD analysis

Embodied Energy in the Production of Guar and Xanthan Biopolymers and Their Cross-Linking Effect in Enhancing the Geotechnical Properties of Cohesive Soil

Stability of Xanthan Gum–Soil Cohesive Networks

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