Geotechnical behaviour of clay soil mixed with rubber waste

Akbarimehr, Davood; Eslami, Abolfazl; Aflaki, Esmail

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122632

Cited by 82 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The reductions reported for the OMC have been mainly ascribed to the TDA material's hydrophobic character and hence its lower water adsorption-retention capacity (being mainly less than 4%) compared with that of the fine soil particles, particularly clays [16]. It should be mentioned that, while the reported results for the MDUW are fairly consistent, a limited number of studies have reported either negligible or increasing trends for the OMC with respect to increasing the TDA content [42][43][44]. These unexpected trends may be attributed to TDA segregation (and hence TDA clustering) effects caused by inadequate soil-TDA mixing during sample preparation for the compaction test [19,39].…”

Section: Governing Mechanisms Controlling the Compactability Of Soil-tda Blendsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Modeling the Compaction Characteristics of Fine-Grained Soils Blended with Tire-Derived Aggregates

2021

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This study aims at modeling the compaction characteristics of fine-grained soils blended with sand-sized (0.075–4.75 mm) recycled tire-derived aggregates (TDAs). Model development and calibration were performed using a large and diverse database of 100 soil–TDA compaction tests (with the TDA-to-soil dry mass ratio ≤ 30%) assembled from the literature. Following a comprehensive statistical analysis, it is demonstrated that the optimum moisture content (OMC) and maximum dry unit weight (MDUW) for soil–TDA blends (across different soil types, TDA particle sizes and compaction energy levels) can be expressed as universal power functions of the OMC and MDUW of the unamended soil, along with the soil to soil–TDA specific gravity ratio. Employing the Bland–Altman analysis, the 95% upper and lower (water content) agreement limits between the predicted and measured OMC values were, respectively, obtained as +1.09% and −1.23%, both of which can be considered negligible for practical applications. For the MDUW predictions, these limits were calculated as +0.67 and −0.71 kN/m3, which (like the OMC) can be deemed acceptable for prediction purposes. Having established the OMC and MDUW of the unamended fine-grained soil, the empirical models proposed in this study offer a practical procedure towards predicting the compaction characteristics of the soil–TDA blends without the hurdles of performing separate laboratory compaction tests, and thus can be employed in practice for preliminary design assessments and/or soil–TDA optimization studies.

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Section: Governing Mechanisms Controlling the Compactability Of Soil-tda Blendsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Modeling the Compaction Characteristics of Fine-Grained Soils Blended with Tire-Derived Aggregates

2021

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“…Akbarimehr et al [ 41 ] measured the damping ratio of rubber-modified clay and proposed that the optimal rubber content is 10%. When the rubber content exceeds 30%, it is challenging to prepare uniform test specimens because of the influence of rubber.…”

Section: Experimental Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Characteristics of Rubber Reinforced Expansive Soil (ESR) at Positive and Negative Ambient Temperatures

Yang

Shi

et al. 2022

Polymers

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Using tire waste rubber reinforced expansive soil (ESR) can modify its poor engineering characteristics. The damping properties of ESR at different temperatures may vary dramatically. Two kinds of rubber Ra (large particle size) and Rb (small particle size) are mixed with expansive soil according to gradient ratio. The backbone curves, dynamic shear modulus, and damping ratio of expansive soil in varying temperature fields of 20 °C, −5 °C, and −15 °C are investigated. The Hardin-Drnevich model can well fit the backbone curves of ESR specimens in various temperature fields. Dynamic triaxial results show that 5–10% Ra rubber can withstand higher shear stress in all temperature fields; Rb rubber can increase the dynamic shear modulus of expansive soil and reach the peak value with 10% rubber content. The damping ratio can be significantly improved by using 10% Ra rubber at room temperature, while the ESR damping ratio in a temperature field of −5 °C does not change significantly with increasing shear strain or even decreases; Ra increases the damping ratio of expansive soils in the temperature field of 15 °C while small particle size Rb decreases the damping ratio of expansive soils. The experimental results validate the effectiveness of ESR in the frozen soil area. In an engineering sense, local temperature needs to be considered to use an appropriate ESR, which can provide effective seismic isolation and damping.

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“…Previous studies have mainly discussed clay-TDA interactions in a way similar to that of clay-sand mixtures, attempting to link the variations of the UCS to changes in cohesion and friction. However, the terminologies employed in this context, such as "interparticle cohesion" and "interparticle friction", are often vague, as they do not explicitly clarify which components of the TDA-blended composite are actually involved in the development of cohesion and friction [2,23,28,29,35]. Conventionally, for clay-sand mixtures, the loss of cohesion at low sand contents is often small, while the increase in friction can be high; consequently, the UCS can increase.…”

Section: Soil-tda Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved Geotechnical Behavior of an Expansive Soil Amended with Tire-Derived Aggregates Having Different Gradations

et al. 2020

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This experimental laboratory study examines the potential use of tire-derived aggregate (TDA) products as an additive to alleviate the inferior geotechnical properties of a subgrade deposit of clay soil with high expansivity. A total of ten mix designs—the unamended soil and nine soil–TDA blends prepared at 5%, 10% and 20% TDA contents (by dry mass) using three different TDA gradations/sizes—were examined. The experiments included standard Proctor compaction, oedometer swell and unconfined compression tests. The TDA materials’ lower specific gravity, hydrophobic character and higher energy absorption capacity compared with the soil solids led to notable reductions in the soil compaction characteristics. The amendment of the soil with TDA resulted in notable decreases in the rate and magnitude of swelling—the observed reductions were in favor of higher TDA contents, with larger TDA particle size being a secondary factor. Further, for any given TDA size, the variations of strength and toughness with respect to TDA content exhibited rise–fall relationships, peaking at 5% TDA and then decreasing for higher TDA contents. The stiffness and ductility parameters, however, were found to monotonically decrease and increase with the TDA content, respectively. Finally, TDA contents of up to 10%, with gradations equivalent to those of medium and coarse sands, were found to reduce the soil’s swelling potential from high to moderate expansivity, while simultaneously improving its strength-related features, and thus can be deemed as optimum mix design choices from a geotechnical perspective.

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Geotechnical behaviour of clay soil mixed with rubber waste

Cited by 82 publications

References 37 publications

Modeling the Compaction Characteristics of Fine-Grained Soils Blended with Tire-Derived Aggregates

Modeling the Compaction Characteristics of Fine-Grained Soils Blended with Tire-Derived Aggregates

Dynamic Characteristics of Rubber Reinforced Expansive Soil (ESR) at Positive and Negative Ambient Temperatures

Improved Geotechnical Behavior of an Expansive Soil Amended with Tire-Derived Aggregates Having Different Gradations

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