Geotechnical Properties of LAPONITE RD®

Wallace, Jeff; Rutherford, Cassandra J.

doi:10.1520/gtj20140211

Cited by 58 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The peak strength values of 4 wt.% LRD samples after 7 and 14 days of curation are 258 Pa and 385 Pa, respectively, similar to the those reported by Wallace and Rutherford (2015; 300 Pa and 360 Pa) who used a shear vane method to measure the peak undrained shear strength of LRD. The maximum shear strength values of gelatine (823 -12,000 Pa at T = 5 °C, X = 1-4 wt.…”

Section: Comparison Of the Rheological Properties Of Laponite Rd And supporting

confidence: 84%

“…Laponite RD ® (LRD; manufactured by BYK Additives and Instruments) is a gelforming grade of a synthetic sheet silicate with a crystal structure and chemical composition similar to the natural clay mineral hectorite (Nuemann, 1965;Cummins, 2007;Wallace and Rutherford, 2015). Disc-shaped, nearly uniform Laponite crystals (Si8Mg5.45Li0.4O24Na0.7) comprise one octahedral coordinated magnesium or aluminium oxide layer sandwiched in between two layers of tetrahedral coordinated silica ( Fig.…”

Section: Composition and Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

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Laponite gels - visco-elasto-plastic analogues for geological laboratory modelling

Arachchige¹,

Cruden²,

Weinberg³

2021

Preprint

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Laponite ® is a synthetic clay that, depending on concentration, temperature and curing time, forms a clear, transparent thixotropic fluid or brittle visco-elasto-plastic gel when mixed with water. Here we present the results of rheological and mechanical testing of gel-forming Laponite RD (LRD) to evaluate its suitability as a rock analogue in laboratory analogue experiments. Rheological tests of 2-4 wt. % concentrations of LRD in deionised water were carried out at temperatures between 20 and 50 °C, and after curing times of 3 to 14 days. Our results show that LRD gels change from a brittle, elastic-dominant, linear viscoelastic material to a plastic material as shear strain increases. The linear viscoelastic region occurs at shear strains, γ < 10 % after which the material yields and then undergoes strain hardening before a peak stress occurs at γ = 15-20 %. LRD then strain softens up to γ < 26.2 %, beyond which it behaves as a plastic material. Empirical equations are provided that predict increases in the Young's and complex shear moduli of LRD with increasing concentration and ageing time. LRD can be used to model elastic deformation when γ < 10 % at a shear strain rate of 0.1 s-1 and plastic deformation when γ > 26.2%. LRD is an ideal material for modelling the behaviour of rocks during the emplacement of magma and the propagation of brittle fractures in the upper crust. Its ease of preparation, low surface tension, full transparency, chemical and biological stability and photoelastic properties provide further advantages for analogue laboratory modelling compared to other frequently used visco-elastic gels, such as pig skin gelatine.

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Section: Comparison Of the Rheological Properties Of Laponite Rd And supporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Composition and Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

Laponite gels - visco-elasto-plastic analogues for geological laboratory modelling

Arachchige¹,

Cruden²,

Weinberg³

2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Laponite RD powder was a synthetic silicate with the same refractive index as water. It could be rapidly dispersed in water into a disk-like shape with a diameter of about 25 nm and a thickness of about 1 nm, forming a colorless and transparent suspension [ 34 ]. Laponite RD powder was manufactured by Southern Clay Products Inc. (TX, USA).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Experimental Study on Bubble Growth in Laponite RD as Thixotropic Yield Material

Zhang

Zhou

2020

Materials

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The growth and release of the leading major bubble at the tip of a needle in the thixotropic yield material Laponite RD was different from subsequent minor bubbles. The gas injection experiments combined with high-speed camera were conducted. The results showed that the shape of the major bubbles transformed from an inverted carrot shape to an inverted teardrop shape, while the shape of the minor bubbles tended to be elliptical. In addition, the pressure of bubble emergence consisted of hydrostatic pressure, capillary pressure, and cracking pressure. The major and minor bubbles differed only in the cracking pressure. The pressure when the minor bubble detached could be estimated from the lateral hydrostatic pressure. It can be deduced from dimensionless numbers that buoyancy and viscous forces were, respectively, the main driving force and resistance of bubble growth. The yield stress of Laponite RD and inertial force at the initial moment resulted in distinctive behavior of the major bubble. In addition to the viscosity resistance, surface tension, and hydrostatic pressure had a non-negligible influence on minor bubbles and still accounted for 10–20% of the total resistance in the later stage but less than 5% in major bubble growth.

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“…Crushed pyrex glass, silica gel, and fused quartz were used to simulate natural sand (ZHAO & GE [3] ; GUZMAN et al [3] ; KONG et al [5] ). Amorphous silica (fumed silica aggregate), Aquabeads, Laponite RD and Gelita were used to simulate natural clay (BLACK & TAKE [6] ; CHINI et al [7] ; DING et al [8] ; WALLCE & RUTHERFORD [9] ; CAO et al [10] ; LEI et al [11] ). These transparent materials were mainly used in model test to study structure penetration, shallow foundation, plant rhizosphere grow, multiphase ow, grout permeation and soil-geosynthetic interaction problems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thixotropy of A Transparent Clay Manufactured by Carbopol Simulate Marine Soil

SUN

Kong

Zhou

et al. 2021

Preprint

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A transparent clay manufactured by Carbopol® UltrezTM 10 (simplified as U10) was introduced, and its manufacture processes were briefly described. Both relative transparency (RT) and modulation transfer function (MTF) methods were used to quantify the optical character variation via soil thickness. The transparency of this new transparent clay was comparative analyzed with traditional four previous transparent materials. The results show that this new transparent clay has relative higher optical transparency than majority of previous materials. The thixotropic properties of this synthetic transparent clay were measured in detail through laboratory vane test. Exponential function was used to describe the thixotropy and sensitivity of clay. The good fitting results shown similar development trend of thixotropy for synthetic transparent clay and natural one. Furthermore, sensitivity of transparent clay belongs to low to medium sensitivity, which can simulate marine soil. With the test results, Carbopol® UltrezTM 10 shows a great potential as a substitute for natural clay and is expected to be widely used in model tests.

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Geotechnical Properties of LAPONITE RD®

Cited by 58 publications

References 37 publications

Laponite gels - visco-elasto-plastic analogues for geological laboratory modelling

Laponite gels - visco-elasto-plastic analogues for geological laboratory modelling

An Experimental Study on Bubble Growth in Laponite RD as Thixotropic Yield Material

Thixotropy of A Transparent Clay Manufactured by Carbopol Simulate Marine Soil

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