Geothermal Energy-Economy, Potential and Utilization Possibilities in Turkey

Abstract

In this study, first of all, a general description of geothermal energy has been made and types of geothermal fields have been described. Later on, types of heat transfer within the Earth's crust and also various plate tectonics theories responsible for the geothermal manifestations throughout the world, have been explained. Within this context, Turkey's real geothermal energy capacity, and on the other hand, insufficient present use of this natural source, have been given. Having mentioned the general utilization possibilities of geothermal energy, its use particularly in the fields of electricity generation, greenhouse heating and central district heating in Turkey has been investigated and the problems encountered in these applications have been put forward. Consequently, a practical and economical comparison has been made among different sorts of heating sources and it has been concluded that geothermal energy acts as a clean, cheap and renewable natural source only if it is extracted and utilized prudently and necessary environmental measures are taken beforehand.

The Investigation of Hot Spots in Western Anatolia by Geophysical and Mining Approaches

“…Turkey is located within an important geothermal area, and has an estimated 31,500 MWt geothermal heat potential (Konak and Pamukcu, 2006). The deep geoelectrical conductivity data (down to several tens km) can be obtained mainly from magnetotelluric soundings.…”

“…This phenomenal energy is believed to contain more molten minerals, various gases, and hot water C water vapor mixture when compared with the other ground water potential. Some of this energy is generated by the radioactive decay of rocks contained in the Earth's mantle, while some results from the remaining heat of magmatic rocks embedded in the crust (Konak and Pamukcu, 2006). Geothermal energy is generally classified into three groups:…”

Energy Analysis for Biodiesel Production from Rapeseed Oil

“…Careless use of energy resources and their scarcity, resulting unwanted side effects, so energy consumption must be planned and evaluated carefully and accurately. Comprehensive researches have been conducted by several authors regarding to the assessment of production and utilization of fossil and renewable energy sources in Turkey (Balat, 2004a;2004b;2005a;2005b;2005c;2005d;Balat et al, 2004;Bakıs,, 2005;Bascetincelik et al, 2009a;2009b;Bertay et al, 2004;Comaklı et al, 2008;Demirbas, 2002b;Demirbas and Bakıs,, 2003;Dursun and Gokcol, 2012;Ekinci et al, 2010;Erdem, 2010;Gucbilmez et al, 2010;Kasap and Duman, 2013;Kaygusuz, 2001;2002;Kiliç, 2005;Kiliç and Kiliç, 2006;Kırtay, 2010;Konak and Pamukcu, 2006;Ozturk and Bascetincelik, 2006;Pamukcu and Konak, 2006;Vardar and Cetin, 2007;Yılmaz, 2006a;Yüksel, 2006;.…”

The Role of Geothermal Energy in Sustainable Development of Turkey

“…In this regard, there is an urgent need to deploy sustainable and environmentally clean energy sources. An important contribution could be made by rapidly expanding the use of renewable energy sources, such as geothermal energy (Hepbasli, 2003;Balat, 2005;Konak and Pamukcu, 2006;Kirtay, 2010).…”