Geothermal potential of the eastern end of the Gediz basin, western Anatolia, Turkey revealed by three-dimensional inversion of magnetotelluric data

Mapping of Fault and Hydrothermal System beneath the Seulawah Volcano Inferred from a Magnetotellurics Structure

“…Magnetotelluric imaging has become a common method in investigating volcanoes worldwide [3,20,31]. The method works by utilizing the Earth's magnetic field with a frequency of 10 −4 -10 4 Hz.…”

“…Geothermal energy presents alternative energy generated from the heat sources deep within the Earth's crust and is generally associated with the volcanic and tectonic activities accumulating in the depth surface of hot dry rock [1,2]. Compared with other types of renewable energies, such as hydro, solar, and wind power, the main advantage of geothermal energy is its reliability, which is due to its lack of dependency on weather conditions [3]. Furthermore, in the development process, geothermal energy is environmentally friendly and requires less space for the exploration and extraction process [4,5], thus making it a good alternative energy source to fossil energy.…”

“…It is crucial to study the geothermal system to appropriately describe the features associated with the caprock, reservoir, and heat source, as well as the geological structure controlling the system. In fact, a geothermal energy system is generally composed of a system of faults and fractures that generate geothermal fluid [3,20], with a high concentration of dissolved salts, resulting in a large presence of conductive electrolytes in the rock matrix. The conductivity of the fluid is highly temperature dependent, and geothermal systems are generally characterized by having higher conductivity than the host rock, making these systems ideal targets for electromagnetic (EM) measurement methods [31], especially magnetotellurics (MT)-based methods [32,33].…”

“…In fact, the geothermal industry has regularly applied EM methods for hydrothermal imaging systems, while previous studies [23,34] have effectively described the potential of the MT method for mapping the clay caps and reservoirs that are conductive and are commonly present in geothermal systems. Because of its relatively low cost and its high effectiveness for detecting low-resistive zones below the surface, the MT method has become the most frequently applied technique for geothermal exploration [3,31,35]. Figure 1 shows the location of the Seulawah Agam volcano, which lies 85 km from Banda Aceh City.…”

Analysis of Fluid Flow Pathways in the Mount Meager Volcanic Complex, Southwestern Canada, Utilizing AMT and Petrophysical Data

“…Different methods have been used by researchers to evaluate fluid flow pathways and their effective parameters in various geothermal reservoirs around the world. Numerical modeling (Gunnarsson & Aradóttir, 2015; Strehlow et al., 2015), structural and laboratory experiments (Eggertsson et al., 2020; J. Farquharson et al., 2015; Kendrick et al., 2013; Liotta et al., 2020), geochemical studies (Ásmundsson et al., 2014; Darling & Armannsson, 1989; Libbey & Williams‐Jones, 2016), and geophysical methods (Aizawa et al., 2009; Bertrand et al., 2013, 2022; Cordell et al., 2019; Hacıoğlu et al., 2021; Heise et al., 2016; Marwan et al., 2021; Miller et al., 2022; Pavez et al., 2020; Tang et al., 2008) have been performed to estimate the potential flow routes in volcanic zones, with different depths of investigation. Most studies on porosity estimation have considered either laboratory measurements or numerical models; however, utilizing geophysical imaging together with laboratory data provides detailed and reservoir‐scale estimation of physical properties with depths of investigation down to hundreds of kilometers when utilizing a broad range of frequencies.…”