Geothermal Thermoelectric Generation (G-TEG) with Integrated Temperature Driven Membrane Distillation and Novel Manganese Oxide for Lithium Extraction

Renew, Jay; Hansen, Tim

doi:10.2172/1360976

Cited by 4 publications

(35 citation statements)

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“…In project DE-EE-0006746, Renew and Hansen (2017) investigated the potential to combine a series of modular technologies to extract lithium from geothermal waters and at the same time produce electricity via a thermoelectric energy generation (TEG) power plant. The modules tested included silica removal by precipitation with iron, brine concentration with membrane distillation (MD), nano-filtration to remove divalent cations, and manganese oxide absorbents to extract and recover lithium.…”

Section: New Technology For Lithium Recovery Manganese Oxide In a Hybmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Experiments investigating silica removal were conducted using a high-strength brine and a lowstrength brine that was approximately a 10 times dilution of the high-strength brine (Renew and Hansen, 2017). The high-strength brine was composed of silica (~ 100 mg/L), sodium (~ 3,000 mg/L), potassium (~ 680 mg/L), magnesium (~ 150 mg/L), and calcium (~ 440 mg/L).…”

Section: New Technology For Lithium Recovery Manganese Oxide In a Hybmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most favorable silica precipitation conditions for the low-strength brine were defined as a pH of 9.0, a temperature of 80°C, and an iron/silica molar ratio of 5.65. For the high-strength brine, Renew and Hansen (2017) recommended the same temperature, but silica removal could be accomplished by pH adjustment alone, without ferric chloride addition.…”

Section: New Technology For Lithium Recovery Manganese Oxide In a Hybmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Corresponding low-strength brines were diluted 10 or 20-fold for individual ions. They also tested a high-strength brine without silica (Renew and Hansen, 2017). The lowstrength and high-strength brine had unadjusted initial pH values in the neutral pH range.…”

Section: New Technology For Lithium Recovery Manganese Oxide In a Hybmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The rationale for brine formulations and differences between brine formulation between experiments was not explained (Renew and Hansen, 2017). Renew and Hansen (2017) reported that at 200 psi, the average flux through the nano-filter for the batch-scale experiments varied from 2.3x10 -2 -4.1x10 -2 gallons per minute (gpm)/ft 2 , 2.4x10 -2 -3.2x10 -2 gpm/ft 2 , and 1.5x10 -2 -3.1x10 -2 gpm/ft 2 for the low-strength brine, high-strength brine, and high-strength brine with silica, respectively. Batch experiments were conducted until approximately 70% of the fluid had permeated the membrane on a closed-loop recycle.…”

Section: New Technology For Lithium Recovery Manganese Oxide In a Hybmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Retrospective on Recent DOE-Funded Studies Concerning the Extraction of Rare Earth Elements & Lithium from Geothermal Brines (Final Report)

Stringfellow

Dobson

2020

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level (TRL) and showed promise, but direct comparison between technologies was not possible based on the available information. It is recommended that testing and reporting be standardized to the extent possible to facilitate comparisons between technologies. Two projects were directed at novel lithium extraction technology. Both projects investigated the use of inorganic sorbents, including manganese oxides. One study also examined the use of metalion imprinted polymers as selective ion-exchange resins for the separation of lithium and manganese from brines. Both approaches showed promise for the selective extraction of lithium from brines, including potentially geothermal brines. Results from these GTO studies indicated that selective REE and lithium extraction is possible, but interference from co-occurring solutes, such as calcium, magnesium, or heavy metals, will interfere with process efficiency and negatively impact process economics. Techno-economic analysis conducted as part of the resource and technology studies suggest extraction of REE from geothermal brines is unlikely to be economically viable, especially since non-geothermal produced waters frequently have higher REE concentrations. It is recommended that benchmarks for techno-economic analysis be established to the extent possible for future studies, to facilitate direct comparison of various technologies. Based on the collective results of this program, it appears that hybrid geothermal power would benefit more from recovery of lithium and other metals, rather than REE. It is recommended that future studies be conducted at a higher-TRL and that sorbents be tested against actual geothermal fluid samples. Prior higher-TRL efforts to extract metals from geothermal brines should be further evaluated for lessons learned.

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Section: New Technology For Lithium Recovery Manganese Oxide In a Hybmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: New Technology For Lithium Recovery Manganese Oxide In a Hybmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: New Technology For Lithium Recovery Manganese Oxide In a Hybmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: New Technology For Lithium Recovery Manganese Oxide In a Hybmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: New Technology For Lithium Recovery Manganese Oxide In a Hybmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Retrospective on Recent DOE-Funded Studies Concerning the Extraction of Rare Earth Elements & Lithium from Geothermal Brines (Final Report)

Stringfellow

Dobson

2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Selective silica removal in geothermal fluids: Implications for applications for geothermal power plant operation and mineral extraction

et al. 2021

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Techno-Economic Analysis of Lithium Extraction from Geothermal Brines

Warren

2021

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The United States has a large, domestic source of lithium in geothermal fluids, especially at the Salton Sea region of southern California, where estimates of lithium pass-through at geothermal plants exceed 24,000 metric tons per year, based on 2019 geothermal plant operations. Lithium extraction from geothermal brines offers the potential to provide the United States with a secure, domestic supply of lithium to meet the increasing demands of electric vehicles, grid energy storage, portable electronics, and other end-use applications. Additionally, the use of direct extraction technologies allows for a more sustainable lithium supply relative to current evaporative brine and hardrock mining operations in terms of land use, water use, time to market with lithium products, and carbon intensity of operations. This report is part of an effort to assess geothermal brines as a source of commercial lithium supply for the United States. In this study, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) reviews and summarizes public technoeconomic analyses of lithium extraction technologies. The work was coordinated with the Critical Minerals Institute at the Colorado School of Mines who focused on supply chain analysis of lithium.Mineral extraction from geothermal brines in the Salton Sea and elsewhere has a decades-long history, but there have been few pilot-scale field tests focused on extraction of lithium from geothermal brines. There are also limited publicly available cost and performance data to fully evaluate the techno-economics of lithium extraction from geothermal brine. There are, however, demonstrations in progress that will more fully inform future analyses. For this report, technical and economic data are reviewed from projects focused on lithium extraction from geothermal and other brine types to assess the technologies being deployed and estimated costs to produce end products lithium carbonate (Li2CO3) and lithium hydroxide monohydrate (LiOH•H2O). A review of these projects indicates expected production costs (i.e., operating expenses or OPEX) near $4,000/metric ton of lithium carbonate equivalent (LCE) and reported internal rates of return suggest this production cost target is economically feasible with estimated prices of

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Geothermal Thermoelectric Generation (G-TEG) with Integrated Temperature Driven Membrane Distillation and Novel Manganese Oxide for Lithium Extraction

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Retrospective on Recent DOE-Funded Studies Concerning the Extraction of Rare Earth Elements & Lithium from Geothermal Brines (Final Report)

Retrospective on Recent DOE-Funded Studies Concerning the Extraction of Rare Earth Elements & Lithium from Geothermal Brines (Final Report)

Selective silica removal in geothermal fluids: Implications for applications for geothermal power plant operation and mineral extraction

Techno-Economic Analysis of Lithium Extraction from Geothermal Brines

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