Geraniaceae

Albers, Focke; Walt, J.J.A. van der

doi:10.1007/978-3-540-32219-1_19

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…(El-Ghazaly, 1991; Perveen & Qaiser, 1999). Extant Erodium consists of~80 species, shows a fairly cosmopolitan distribution and a high concentration in Mediterranean climate regions (Albers & der Van Walt, 2007). Erodium pollen has been reported from the Pliocene sediments of western Turkey (Yavuz Isik et al, 2011).…”

Section: Class Coniferopsidamentioning

confidence: 99%

The middle Miocene palynoflora and palaeoenvironments of Eskihisar (Yatağan basin, south-western Anatolia): a combined LM and SEM investigation

et al. 2016

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We investigated a palynological section from middle Miocene sediments at Eskihisar (south‐western Anatolia) to establish biogeographic links of the palynoflora and to infer the palaeoenvironment. Four algal palynomorphs, nine spore taxa, eight gymnosperms, three monocots and 67 dicot pollen types were encountered and investigated using the ‘single grain method’ that combines light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Two pollen zones reflect different phases of basin development. Zonal vegetation remained fairly stable across the section and reflects heterogeneous environments including broad‐leaved deciduous forest, subtropical forest and sclerophyllous and semi‐evergreen oak forest. Conifers were accessory elements in the broad‐leaved deciduous forest communities and replaced these at higher elevations. Some herbaceous taxa (Plumbaginaceae) indicate scattered occurrences of sandy and/or rocky soils. Biogeographic affinities are general Northern Hemisphere, North American and East Asian, as also suggested by the macrofossil record. Only two taxa provide potential biogeographic links with the African flora. This suggests that biome shifts of plant taxa between African subtropical/tropical biomes and Anatolian (western Eurasian) temperate forests and shrublands may have been rare in the middle Miocene.

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Section: Class Coniferopsidamentioning

confidence: 99%

The middle Miocene palynoflora and palaeoenvironments of Eskihisar (Yatağan basin, south-western Anatolia): a combined LM and SEM investigation

et al. 2016

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“… Families and genera sensu APG III (2009). Species numbers and distribution from Albers & van der Walt (2007), Linder (2007) and Weigend (2007). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First Miocene fossils of Vivianiaceae shed new light on phylogeny, divergence times, and historical biogeography of Geraniales

Palazzesi

Gottschling

Barreda

et al. 2012

Biological Journal of the Linnean Society

112

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The origin of Geraniales (approximately 900 species in three families: Geraniaceae, Melianthaceae, and Vivianiaceae) is traced back to the Cretaceous of Gondwana, yet their geotemporal history is largely unknown because of a limited fossil record and incomplete phylogenies. In the present study, we provide the first fossil record of Vivianiaceae and a highly resolved molecular phylogeny for all extant Geraniales genera. Our results support the hypothesis that five (instead of three) families should be recognized in the order Geraniales: Francoaceae A. Juss. (Francoa, Greyia, Tetilla), Geraniaceae Juss. (Erodium, Geranium, Monsonia, Pelargonium), Hypseocharitaceae Wedd. (monogeneric), Melianthaceae Horan. (Bersama, Melianthus), and Vivianiaceae Klotzsch (Balbisia, Rhynchotheca, Viviania). The four major lineages (i.e. Geraniaceae, Francoaceae + Melianthaceae, Hypseocharitaceae, Vivianiaceae) all originated within a narrow time frame during the Eocene (36.9–49.9 Mya) based on the five fossil calibration points. The divergence of most of the extant genera occurred much later, from the Miocene onwards. The South American–South African disjunction in Francoaceae apparently goes back to long distance dispersal with an estimated divergence time of the lineages in the Middle Miocene [11.2 (5.9–17.7) Mya]. Diversification in Melianthus appears to be much more recent than previously assumed [starting approximately 3.4 (1.9–5.2) Mya rather than approximately 8–20 Mya]. However, divergence of the Andean Hypseocharis lineage [36.9 (31.9–42.8) Mya] significantly predates the main Andean uplift: Current distributions likely go back to northward migrations and subsequent extinctions in Patagonia. Similarly, Rhynchotheca, Balbisia, and Viviania have a current southern distribution limit > 10°N of the fossil finds, indicating a massive northward displacement. The present evidence suggests that niche conservatism likely played a major role in the historical biogeography of Geraniales. © 2012 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2012, ••, ••–••.

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“…The fossils were also compared with the families Clethraceae, Clusiaceae, Ericaceae, Geraniaceae, Loganiaceae, and Brassicaceae, which all have a replum in their capsules. Geraniaceae were discarded because their flowers are solitary or form pseudoumbellate inflorescences (Albers and Van der Walt, 2007). Clethra capsules are always 3‐valved and loculicidal and are enclosed by a persistent calyx (Schneider and Bayer, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cunoniaceae infructescences from the early Eocene Laguna del Hunco flora, Patagonia, Argentina

Matel

Gandolfo

Hermsen

et al. 2022

American J of Botany

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Premise: Two distinct types of fossil infructescences from the early Eocene Laguna del Hunco flora, Chubut Province, Patagonia, Argentina, preserve features of the family Cunoniaceae. The goal of the study was to assess their affinities within Cunoniaceae and to interpret their evolutionary and biogeographical significance. Methods: Specimens were collected from the Tufolitas Laguna del Hunco, Huitrera Formation. They were prepared, photographed, and compared morphologically with similar extant and fossil fruits and infructescences using published literature and herbarium material. Results: The fruit and infructescence morphology place the fossil taxa within Cunoniaceae. They do not conform to any extant genus, supporting the erection of two new fossil genera. Racemofructus gen. nov. shares diagnostic features of the tribe Cunonieae, especially Weinmannia s.l., and exhibits two tribal morphological synapomorphies: a racemose inflorescence and a replum composed of a single column. Cunoniocarpa gen. nov. specimens are paniculate inflorescences with basipetally dehiscent, bicarpellate capsules that have persistent styles and calyces. Its replum morphology suggests an affinity to the tribe Caldcluvieae, particularly to the genus Ackama. Conclusions: The new Patagonian fossils described herein constitute the oldest record of cunoniaceous capsules globally, supplementing a significant body of fossil evidence from pollen, wood, and reproductive structures from southern South America and Antarctica that suggests that the Cunoniaceae were diversified and widely distributed in the southern hemisphere by the early Eocene. Racemofructus and Cunoniocarpa are, respectively, the first fossil records from South America of reproductive structures with affinity to tribes Cunonieae and Caldcluvieae.

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Geraniaceae

Cited by 14 publications

References 32 publications

The middle Miocene palynoflora and palaeoenvironments of Eskihisar (Yatağan basin, south-western Anatolia): a combined LM and SEM investigation

The middle Miocene palynoflora and palaeoenvironments of Eskihisar (Yatağan basin, south-western Anatolia): a combined LM and SEM investigation

First Miocene fossils of Vivianiaceae shed new light on phylogeny, divergence times, and historical biogeography of Geraniales

Cunoniaceae infructescences from the early Eocene Laguna del Hunco flora, Patagonia, Argentina

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