GerES IV: Phthalate metabolites and bisphenol A in urine of German children

Becker, Kerstin; Göen, Thomas; Seiwert, Margarete; Conrad, André; Pick-Fuss, Helga; Müller, Johannes; Wittassek, Matthias; Schulz, Christine; Kolossa-Gehring, Marike

doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2009.08.002

Cited by 272 publications

(179 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…MBzP and MnBP levels were lower than the relevant population-based reference values for Germany, GerES IV study [2003][2004][2005][2006] for children (Becker et al 2009(Becker et al ) and 2006(Becker et al -2008 for adults (Schulz et al 2011) and US NHANES 2009(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2014. MiBP levels were almost double those of the US population reference value (P90) for both children (66.0 μg/L compared to 35.7 μg/L) and adult females (78.0 μg/L compared to 29.1 μg/L) (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2014) but lower than the GerES study 2003-2006 (P95) for children (93 μg/L compared to 300 μg/L, P95) and adults (99 μg/L compared to 140 μg/L) (Schulz et al 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cadmium in urine, mercury in hair and exposure to environmental tobacco smoke, assessed by the measurement of cotinine, were chosen because they are of public health concern and would allow the testing of different biological samples and organic and inorganic substances for which health-based guidance values or reference values are available. Phthalates, which are used as plasticisers and solvents and are found in flooring and wall coverings, personal care products, medical devices and food contact materials, were also included (Angerer et al 2011;Becker et al 2009;Hauser and Calafat 2005). Population exposure to phthalates is ubiquitous, and the major pathway of exposure of the general population is via the diet (Angerer et al 2011;Becker et al 2009;Hauser and Calafat 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Phthalates, which are used as plasticisers and solvents and are found in flooring and wall coverings, personal care products, medical devices and food contact materials, were also included (Angerer et al 2011;Becker et al 2009;Hauser and Calafat 2005). Population exposure to phthalates is ubiquitous, and the major pathway of exposure of the general population is via the diet (Angerer et al 2011;Becker et al 2009;Hauser and Calafat 2005). Exposure to phthalates is assessed by analysis of their urinary metabolites (Koch et al 2003;Silva et al 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Pilot study testing a European human biomonitoring framework for biomarkers of chemical exposure in children and their mothers: experiences in the UK

Exley

Aerts

Biot

et al. 2015

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Exposure to a number of environmental chemicals in UK mothers and children has been assessed as part of the European biomonitoring pilot study, Demonstration of a Study to Coordinate and Perform Human Biomonitoring on a European Scale (DEMOCOPHES). For the Europeanfunded project, 17 countries tested the biomonitoring guidelines and protocols developed by COPHES. The results from the pilot study in the UK are presented; 21 school children aged 6-11 years old and their mothers provided hair samples to measure mercury and urine samples, to measure cadmium, cotinine and several phthalate metabolites: mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl)phthalate (5OH-MEHP), mono(2-ethyl-5-oxoh e x y l ) p h t h a l a t e ( 5 o x o -M E H P ) a n d m o n o ( 2 -ethylhexyl)phthalate (MEHP), mono-ethyl phthalate (MEP), mono-iso-butyl phthalate (MiBP), mono-benzyl phthalate (MBzP) and mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP). Questionnaire data was collected on environment, health and lifestyle. Mercury in hair was higher in children who reported frequent consumption of fish (geometric mean 0.35 μg/g) compared to those that ate fish less frequently (0.13 μg/g, p=0.002).Cadmium accumulates with age as demonstrated by higher levels of urinary cadmium in the mothers (geometric mean 0.24 μg/L) than in the children(0.14 μg/L). None of the mothers reported being regular smokers, and this was evident with extremely low levels of cotinine measured (maximum value 3.6 μg/L in mothers, 2.4 μg/L in children). Very low levels of the phthalate metabolites were also measured in both mothers and children (geometric means in mothers: 5OH-Responsible editor:

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Pilot study testing a European human biomonitoring framework for biomarkers of chemical exposure in children and their mothers: experiences in the UK

Exley

Aerts

Biot

et al. 2015

Environ Sci Pollut Res

Self Cite

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“…Also a review was done on previous worldwide studies that have examined the total urinary BPA concentrations in young children. In Germany a survey was done on children from 3 to 14 years old, they found the least GM 2.22 in the age range of 3 to 5 years old (Becker et al 2009). Still their least GM value was higher than our GM in the whole study group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socioeconomic position as a risk factor for BPA exposure in a sample of Egyptian children

2017

J App Pharm Sci

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Background: Bisphenol A is an endocrine-disrupting chemical that interferes with hormone action and contributes to disease and disability. Objective: To estimate the concentrations of urinary Bisphenol A in a sample of Egyptian children from different socioeconomic levels Methods: A cross-sectional study included 167 children aged 2-18 years of both sexes. Socio-demographic data were evaluated and estimation of urinary Bisphenol A using high performance liquid chromatography was done. Urinary Bisphenol A, was categorized into quartiles (<1.3, 1.3-<2.6, 2.6-4.9, >4.9) ng/mL and was associated and analyzed with the social class. Results: The total urinary Bisphenol A ranged from 0.1 to 18.9 ng/ml with a mean 1.29 (+2.09), median 0.67 and geometric mean 0.68. According to parental occupation and education children were divided into 3 social classes: low (21.5%), middle (41.1%), and high (37.3 %). Children of high class have Bisphenol A levels significantly higher than middle and low classes, p=0.01. Conclusion: Urinary Bisphenol A concentrations exhibited low values in more than three fourths of the studied group indicating low exposure. The highest levels were detected in children from high socioeconomic standard. Excessive use of plastic bottles, microwave plastic wares and consumption of canned food may be the sources of exposure.

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“…In particular, exposures to plastics containing BPA and phthalates are major concern in urban areas (Ndahi, 2000). These compounds are being detected in the urine of people in developed countries (Wittassek et al, 2007;Calafat et al, 2008;Becker et al, 2009) universally across the population most probably as a result of increased plastic usage worldwide. Shortacting xenoestrogens are also seen in other categories of products, such as food preservatives, cosmetics, and detergents (Maizlish and Moses, 1990;Byford et al, 2002;Darbre et al, 2002).…”

Section: Edcs and Breast Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%