Geriatric Complex Figure Test: A test for the assessment of planning, visual spatial ability, and memory in older adults

Poreh, Amir; Levin, Jennifer; Teaford, Max

doi:10.1080/23279095.2018.1490288

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Some studies have developed multiple simplified versions of the ROCF to solve the above-mentioned problems. Poreh et al ( 22 ) developed a simplified ROCF ( Figure 1K ) and found that its copying, recall, and strategy scores are well-distributed among healthy older people (over 60 years old), indicating that it is more suitable for the elderly than the classical ROCF. Similarly, de Paula et al ( 23 ) developed a simplified Taylor figure ( Figure 1J ) and verified the validity and the reliability of its assessment of the visuospatial ability of the low-educated elderly (primary school).…”

Section: Versions Of Complex Figure Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Subsequently, Poreh et al ( 22 ) used a new technology (digital pen) to capture the drawing process and recorded the movement of the pen to the laptop through an infrared receiver. It realized the semi-automatic analysis of Bennett-Levy scoring and found that the symmetry score can be a good marker for non-verbal executive function.…”

Section: Digital Complex Figure Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Overview of the Complex Figure Test and Its Clinical Application in Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Including Copying and Recall

Zhang

Min

et al. 2021

Front. Neurol.

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The Rey–Osterrieth Complex Figure (ROCF) test is a commonly used neuropsychological assessment tool. It is widely used to assess the visuo-constructional ability and visual memory of neuropsychiatric disorders, including copying and recall tests. By drawing the complex figure, the functional decline of a patient in multiple cognitive dimensions can be assessed, including attention and concentration, fine-motor coordination, visuospatial perception, non-verbal memory, planning and organization, and spatial orientation. This review first describes the different versions and scoring methods of ROCF. It then reviews the application of ROCF in the assessment of visuo-constructional ability in patients with dementia, other brain diseases, and psychiatric disorders. Finally, based on the scoring method of the digital system, future research hopes to develop a new digital ROCF scoring method combined with machine learning algorithms to standardize clinical practice and explore the characteristic neuropsychological structure information of different disorders.

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Section: Versions Of Complex Figure Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Digital Complex Figure Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of the Complex Figure Test and Its Clinical Application in Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Including Copying and Recall

Zhang

Min

et al. 2021

Front. Neurol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It is an organizational strategy model based on the classic ROCF test. Its copying, recall, and strategy scores are well-distributed among healthy older people (over 60 years old), indicating that it is more suitable for the elderly than the ROCF 19 . Using the simplified figure can avoid the overlap of strokes, which is conducive to recognizing each stroke with digital equipment in a limited space.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, neither of these studies evaluated the drawing order but focused on identifying outlines and details related to traditional scoring methods. Previously, only two studies used digital devices (such as a digital pen 19 or tablet 20 , 21 ) to capture the drawing process and analyzed the subjects' drawing behavior patterns by extracting spatial, procedural, and kinematic dimension parameters. Poreh et al 19 used a digital pen to capture the drawing process and recorded the movement of the pen to the laptop through an infrared receiver.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previously, only two studies used digital devices (such as a digital pen 19 or tablet 20 , 21 ) to capture the drawing process and analyzed the subjects' drawing behavior patterns by extracting spatial, procedural, and kinematic dimension parameters. Poreh et al 19 used a digital pen to capture the drawing process and recorded the movement of the pen to the laptop through an infrared receiver. Thereby, it realized a semi-automatic analysis of the continuity and symmetry variables in Bennett-levy scoring.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A tablet-based multi-dimensional drawing system can effectively distinguish patients with amnestic MCI from healthy individuals

Zhang,

Lv,

Shen

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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The population with dementia is expected to rise to 152 million in 2050 due to the aging population worldwide. Therefore, it is significant to identify and intervene in the early stage of dementia. The Rey-Osterreth complex figure (ROCF) test is a visuospatial test scale. Its scoring methods are numerous, time-consuming, and inconsistent, which is unsuitable for wide application as required by the high number of people at risk. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a rapid, objective, and sensitive digital scoring method to detect cognitive dysfunction in the early stage accurately. This study aims to clarify the organizational strategy of aMCI patients to draw complex figures through a multi-dimensional digital evaluation system. At the same time, a rapid, objective, and sensitive digital scoring method is established to replace traditional scoring. The data of 64 subjects (38 aMCI patients and 26 NC individuals) were analyzed in this study. All subjects completed the tablet's Geriatric Complex Figure (GCF) test, including copying, 3-min recall, and 20-min delayed recall, and also underwent a standardized neuropsychological test battery and classic ROCF test. Digital GCF (dGCF) variables and conventional GCF (cGCF) scores were input into the forward stepwise logistic regression model to construct classification models. Finally, ROC curves were made to visualize the difference in the diagnostic value of dGCF variables vs. cGCF scores in categorizing the diagnostic groups. In 20-min delayed recall, aMCI patients' time in air and pause time were longer than NC individuals. Patients with aMCI had more short strokes and poorer ability of detail integration (all p < 0.05). The diagnostic sensitivity of dGCF variables for aMCI patients was 89.47%, slightly higher than cGCF scores (sensitivity: 84.21%). The diagnostic accuracy of both was comparable (dGCF: 70.3%; cGCF: 73.4%). Moreover, combining dGCF variables and cGCF scores could significantly improve the diagnostic accuracy and specificity (accuracy: 78.1%, specificity: 84.62%). At the same time, we construct the regression equations of the two models. Our study shows that dGCF equipment can quantitatively evaluate drawing performance, and its performance is comparable to the time-consuming cGCF score. The regression equation of the model we constructed can well identify patients with aMCI in clinical application. We believe this new technique can be a highly effective screening tool for patients with MCI.

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Simplifying Complex Figure scoring: Data from the Emory Healthy Brain Study and initial clinical validation

Loring,

Simama,

Sanders

et al. 2024

J Int Neuropsychol Soc

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Objective: To introduce the Emory 10-element Complex Figure (CF) scoring system and recognition task. We evaluated the relationship between Emory CF scoring and traditional Osterrieth CF scoring approach in cognitively healthy volunteers. Additionally, a cohort of patients undergoing deep brain stimulation (DBS) evaluation was assessed to compare the scoring methods in a clinical population. Method: The study included 315 volunteers from the Emory Healthy Brain Study (EHBS) with Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores of 24/30 or higher. The clinical group consisted of 84 DBS candidates. Scoring time differences were analyzed in a subset of 48 DBS candidates. Results: High correlations between scoring methods were present for non-recognition components in both cohorts (EHBS: Copy r = 0.76, Immediate r = 0.86, Delayed r = 0.85, Recognition r = 47; DBS: Copy r = 0.80, Immediate r = 0.84, Delayed Recall r = 0.85, Recognition r = 0.37). Emory CF scoring times were significantly shorter than Osterrieth times across non-recognition conditions (all p < 0.00001, individual Cohen’s d: 1.4–2.4), resulting in an average time savings of 57%. DBS patients scored lower than EHBS participants across CF memory measures, with larger effect sizes for Emory CF scoring (Cohen’s d range = 1.0–1.2). Emory CF scoring demonstrated better group classification in logistic regression models, improving DBS candidate classification from 16.7% to 32.1% compared to Osterrieth scoring. Conclusions: Emory CF scoring yields results that are highly correlated with traditional Osterrieth scoring, significantly reduces scoring time burden, and demonstrates greater sensitivity to memory decline in DBS candidates. Its efficiency and sensitivity make Emory CF scoring well-suited for broader implementation in clinical research.

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Geriatric Complex Figure Test: A test for the assessment of planning, visual spatial ability, and memory in older adults

Cited by 5 publications

References 24 publications

Overview of the Complex Figure Test and Its Clinical Application in Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Including Copying and Recall

Overview of the Complex Figure Test and Its Clinical Application in Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Including Copying and Recall

A tablet-based multi-dimensional drawing system can effectively distinguish patients with amnestic MCI from healthy individuals

Simplifying Complex Figure scoring: Data from the Emory Healthy Brain Study and initial clinical validation

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