This review article on musculoskeletal rehabilitation after hip fractures summarizes current scientific evidence concerning prevention, treatment and post-fracture surveillance of patients who sustained a low-trauma hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Introduction With increasing longevity, hip fractures become more and more a serious burden not only for societies in developed civilization, but also for emerging countries. According to world-wide projections 1.5 million people are affected each year. Although a lot of research has been performed over the last decade, there is still a lack of standardized and evidence-based approaches for prevention, treatment and rehabilitation of this worst complication of osteoporosis. Therefore, the evidence base for this article was synthesized in accordance with SIGN methodology. Databases searched include Medline, Embase, CINAHL and the Cochrane