Germ Cell Apoptosis in Undescended Testis: The Origin of its Impaired Spermatogenesis in the TS Inbred Rat

Tomomasa, Hiroshi; Adachi, Yoichi; Oshio, Shigeru; Umeda, Takashi; Irie, Hiroshi; Ishikawa, Hiromichi

doi:10.1097/00005392-200207000-00102

Cited by 8 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The results of the present study show a reduction in the number of spermatids in aged testes, which is in agreement with previous literature that showed a decrease in the number of spermatids while the number of spermatogonia and spermatocytes remained stable when compared to that in young testes 4,22 . Furthermore, previously, Tomomasa et al 23 analyzed the spermatogenesis of cryptorchid rats and found an increase in spermatocyte apoptosis as a cause of germinal cell reduction. Thus, the increase in spermatocyte apoptosis probably explains the results obtained in the present study.…”

Section: ■ Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Stereological and morphological analysis of the effects of aging on spermatogenesis in rat testis

et al. 2018

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To quantify, through stereological and morphometric analysis, spermatogenesis in rats undergoing the natural aging process. Methods: Seventy-two male Wistar rats were divided into 6 equal groups according to age at the time of killing: 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, and 24 months. All the rats were subjected orchiectomy and collection of testicular parenchymal fragments for histological and morphometric analysis. The numerical density of spermatids was calculated using a stereological study, and morphometric analysis was conducted to measure the height of the germinal epithelium and the area of the seminiferous tubules. Results: We found that the 18 and 24 months groups showed a significant reduction in the number of round spermatids. However, the height of the germinal epithelium was not significantly different between the groups. The area of seminiferous tubules was also significantly reduced in the elderly rats compared to that in the young ones. Conclusion: Aging of rats showed a significant reduction in the number of round spermatids and the area of the seminiferous tubules, more pronounced in the rats at 18 and 24 months of life.

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Section: ■ Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Stereological and morphological analysis of the effects of aging on spermatogenesis in rat testis

et al. 2018

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“…Even if these children are hypogonadal, there is still some hormonal stimulation during the first 6 months of life and the ‘withdrawal’ of this stimulation would probably lead to more apoptosis at 6–12 months than later. Although animal studies have shown an increase in apoptosis with increasing age [16,18], we think that these animal preparations differ significantly from humans in the aetiology of cryptorchidism. Another explanation for the apoptosis in older children might be that, after the first few months of life, the testes are subject to temperature‐dependent damage to the germinal epithelium.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…However, similar findings are seen when the testes of rats with congenital cryptorchidism are evaluated. The mutant TS rat has a 70% incidence of bilateral or unilateral cryptorchidism and shows increased apoptosis [18]. Interestingly, orchidopexy before sexual maturation results in restoration of spermatogenesis [19–21], whereas orchidopexy in adult rats fails to do the same [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Apoptosis and proliferation in human undescended testes

et al. 2005

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OBJECTIVE To study apoptosis and proliferation in the testes of children with undescended testes; the degree to which undescended testes contributes to a patient's ultimate fertility is debatable, but undescended testes have fewer germ cells, and some have proposed that apoptosis is an important cause. PATIENTS AND METHODS Testis biopsies were taken at the time of orchidopexy in a consecutive series of children undergoing surgical repair for undescended testes. Immunohistological techniques were used to detect apoptosis and proliferation, and the numbers of cells undergoing apoptosis or proliferation per 50 seminiferous tubules were recorded. RESULTS Inguinal testes had less apoptosis than abdominal testes, with a mean (sd) of 0.71 (1.31) vs 1.63 (1.95) apoptotic cells per 50 seminiferous tubules (P < 0.02). Similarly, there was less apoptosis in children aged > 1 years than in children aged < 1 years (0.68 (1.40) vs 1.35 (1.56); P < 0.03). Proliferation was very limited in all cryptorchid testes. In contrast to cryptorchid testes, five autopsy controls had many more apoptotic cells, (10.60 (1.34) per 50 seminiferous tubules), and many more proliferating cells, (8.40 (6.43) per 50 seminiferous tubules). CONCLUSION In contrast to animal studies, neither apoptosis nor proliferation was common in undescended testes from 6 months of age onward. However, apoptosis was more common in abdominal testes and in children aged < 1 year. It is likely that, if substantial apoptosis occurs in human undescended testes, it occurs before 6 months of age.

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“…Most apoptotic germ cells were considered spermatocytes. Electron microscopy revealed apoptosis of spermatocytes with condensation of chromatins and agglutination of cytoplasmic contents [64]. In experimental unilateral cryptorchidism (intra-abdominal testis) model, a direct relationship was observed between time after operation and incidence of apoptosis in both undescended and contralateral testes [70].…”

Section: Cryptorchidism and Apoptosismentioning

confidence: 97%

The Basic Biology of Apoptosis and its Implications for Pediatric Surgery

Sukhotnik¹,

Bernshteyn²

2005

Eur J Pediatr Surg

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Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is an evolutionarily conserved and highly regulated process of nonfunctional cell death. Through this process, the body disposes of unwanted cells by self-destruction: it is our final defense against damaged cells. In the last decades, many of the essential pathways that control this phenomenon have been elucidated. Apoptosis plays an important role in developmental processes, as well as in cellular homeostasis. This process is known to be accelerated or diminished in many pathologic states. Therefore the understanding of apoptotic regulation has significant clinical ramifications. This article reviews the basic understanding of programmed cell death with respect to areas of interest to pediatric surgeons, including: Hirschsprung disease, intestinal atresias, testicular disorders, short bowel syndrome, ischemia-reperfusion injury and pediatric oncology. Pro or antiapoptotic interventions may become a future target for cell and organ protection in patients suffering from these diseases.

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Germ Cell Apoptosis in Undescended Testis: The Origin of its Impaired Spermatogenesis in the TS Inbred Rat

Abstract: This study suggests the efficacy of early intervention in patients with undescended testes.

Cited by 8 publications

References 26 publications

Stereological and morphological analysis of the effects of aging on spermatogenesis in rat testis

Stereological and morphological analysis of the effects of aging on spermatogenesis in rat testis

Apoptosis and proliferation in human undescended testes

The Basic Biology of Apoptosis and its Implications for Pediatric Surgery

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