German and Scandinavian Protestantism 1700-1918

Abstract

This book is the first history in English of the Lutheran Church in Germany and Scandinavia in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Beginning and ending in war, this period was of particular unease and upheaval for the Church. Attempts to emulate the spiritual community of the early Church, reform of the Church establishment and steps taken to enlighten parishioners were almost always held back by the anomalous structural legacy of the Reformation, tradition and parish habit, sacred and profane. The birth of the modern nation state and its market economy posed a fundamental challenge to the structure and ethos of the Reformation churches, as it did to the Catholic Church. The First World War deepened the crisis further.

Topographies of Tolerance and Intolerance

“…"3 These claims were rooted in an unabashedly Whig reading of the history of religious toleration that started with the radicals of the Reformation era and culminated in religious pluralism, freedom of conscience, and separation of church and state in modern America. However, in the last half century the Anabaptists have lost their prominence in historical writing on toleration, and in a recent a growing interest in the seventeenth-century history of Anabaptism, have encouraged research in this area: see, for example, Troy Osborne, "The Development of a Transnational 'Mennonite' Identity among Swiss Brethren and Dutch Doopsgezinden in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries," Mennonite Quarterly Review 88 (2014): 195-218; John Roth, "Marpeck and the Later Swiss Brethren, 1540-1700," in A Companion to Anabaptism and Spiritualism, 1521-1700, ed. John D. Roth and James M. Stayer (Leiden: Brill, 2007, 347-88, here at 385-86; and Astrid von Schlachta, Gefahr oder Segen?…”

“…However, there is no indication of who the authors actually were, and the text itself suggests that it is the work of the whole community. See Wälchli, 14-15, 65;Leu and Scheidegger, Zürcher Täufer, 229;and Hanspeter Jecker, Ketzer-Rebellen-Heilige: Das Basler Täufertum von 1580-1700(Liestal: Verlag des Kantons Basel-Landschaft, 1998, 445. 18 Wälchli,14.…”

“…German and Scandinavian Protestantism 1700to 1918 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995, esp. 60-61.…”

“… Wälchli, 33; Urs B.Leu and Christian Scheidegger, eds., Die Zürcher Täufer 1525-1700 (Zurich: Theologischer Verlag Zürich, 2007 Leu and Scheidegger, Zürcher Täufer, 216-23. 15 Wahrhaffter Bericht Unsers des Burgermeisters des Kleinen und Groβen Rahts genannt die zweyhundert der Statt Zürich (Zurich: Georg Hamberger, 1639).…”

The Altar Pulpit in Estonian Church Interiors

“…31 Hope calls the boundary between the Pietists and Herrnhutists blurred if not non-existent, and one must agree. 32 In 1743, the Herrnhut movement was banned, 33 although after the tolerance manifesto issued by Catherine the Great in 1764, the Brothers were again allowed to come to Russia, which is why the Brothers in Estonia and Livonia concluded that they had the same rights. 34 The Rationalist movement 35 , which arrived via the pastors who came from foreign universities, was opposed to the "kind-heartedness" of Pietism and Herrnhutism, but it was well-meaning towards them.…”