German Spent Nuclear Fuel Legacy: Characteristics and High-Level Waste Management Issues

Schwenk-Ferrero, A.

doi:10.1155/2013/293792

Cited by 20 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…In principle, the volume of nuclear wastes produced by nuclear installations is very small compared to wastes from other large-scale energy-generating technologies. It contains, however, similar to other technologies (e.g., coal and oil) hazardous material [5]. Annually, ca.…”

Section: Review Of Accumulated Snf Inventories and Challenges And Oppmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nuclear Waste Management Decision-Making Support with MCDA

Schwenk-Ferrero

Андрианов

2017

Science and Technology of Nuclear Installations

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The paper proposes a multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA) framework for a comparative evaluation of nuclear waste management strategies taking into account different local perspectives (expert and stakeholder opinions). Of note, a novel approach is taken using a multiple-criteria formulation that is methodologically adapted to tackle various conflicting criteria and a large number of expert/stakeholder groups involved in the decision-making process. The purpose is to develop a framework and to show its application to qualitative comparison and ranking of options in a hypothetical case of three waste management alternatives: interim storage at and/or away from the reactor site for the next 100 years, interim decay storage followed in midterm by disposal in a national repository, and disposal in a multinational repository. Additionally, major aspects of a decision-making aid are identified and discussed in separate paper sections dedicated to application context, decision supporting process, in particular problem structuring, objective hierarchy, performance evaluation modeling, sensitivity/robustness analyses, and interpretation of results (practical impact). The aim of the paper is to demonstrate the application of the MCDA framework developed to a generic hypothetical case and indicate how MCDA could support a decision on nuclear waste management policies in a "small" newcomer country embarking on nuclear technology in the future. Application ContextFrom a formal point of view, the decision problem formulation is a triplet consisting of (1) a set of potential alternatives which describe the possible actions that a decision-maker can undertake, (2) a set of points of view under which the potential actions are analyzed, evaluated, and compared, including different scenarios for the future, and (3) the problem statement. This section describes the problem application context.It should be noted that assessment of the technical performance and safety of repository sites is a very complex R&D problem. Therefore, the technical aspects of "repository" options will be only reviewed and briefly discussed within the confines of the paper. General criteria and metrics (indicators) which are in this case rather dynamic (time frame-dependent), are, however, addressed.In practice, the extent of R&D efforts is dependent on specific national conditions, for instance, available geological formations (rock medium) for final HLW disposal in a country and appropriate assessment of characteristics of nuclear waste that is necessary for designing a HLW repository. Thus the technology-holding countries have already established expert organizations responsible for final high-level waste disposal and conducting R&D activities on safety assessment studies, on minimization of the impact on the environment, and on site robustness tests (predictable performance response in the face of uncertainties).In order to construct an objective hierarchy tree, IAEA basic principles are therefore used. These principles for nuclear waste management st...

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Section: Review Of Accumulated Snf Inventories and Challenges And Oppmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nuclear Waste Management Decision-Making Support with MCDA

Schwenk-Ferrero

Андрианов

2017

Science and Technology of Nuclear Installations

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“…Apart from 244 Pu, whose abundance in spent nuclear fuel could be neglected [1], 242 Pu is the plutonium isotope with the longest half-life (T 1/2 = 373 300 y). Thus, there is a special interest to investigate the fission of this particular isotope using fast neutrons.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of the fast-neutron-induced fission cross-section of ²⁴²Pu at nELBE

et al. 2018

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Abstract. The fast-neutron-induced fission cross section of 242 Pu was determined in the energy range of 0.5 MeV to 10 MeV at the neutron time-of-flight facility nELBE. Using a parallel-plate fission ionization chamber this quantity was measured relative to 235 U(n,f). The number of target nuclei was thereby calculated by means of measuring the spontaneous fission rate of 242 Pu. An MCNP 6 neutron transport simulation was used to correct the relative cross section for neutron scattering. The determined results are in good agreement with current experimental and evaluated data sets.

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“…Moreover, in safety oriented repository R&D studies a risk, a dose, possible environmental impacts, radionuclide concentrations and fluxes outside the near field are scrutinised depending on the containment time [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison and Screening of Nuclear Fuel Cycle Options in View of Sustainable Performance and Waste Management

Schwenk-Ferrero

Андрианов

2017

Sustainability

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Abstract:Is it true that a nuclear technology approach to generate electric energy offers a clean, safe, reliable and affordable, i.e., sustainable option? In principle yes, however a technology impact on the environment strongly depends on the actual implementation bearing residual risks due to technical failures, human factors, or natural catastrophes. A full response is thus difficult and can be given first when the wicked multi-disciplinary issues get well formulated and "resolved". These problems are lying at the interface between: the necessary R&D effort, the industrial deployment and the technology impact in view of the environmental sustainability including the management of produced hazardous waste. As such, this problem is clearly of multi-dimensional nature. This enormous complexity indicates that just a description of the problem might cause a dilemma. The paper proposes a novel holistic approach applying Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis to assess the potential of nuclear energy systems with respect to a sustainable performance. It shows how to establish a multi-level criteria structure tree and examines the trading-off techniques for scoring and ranking of options. The presented framework allows multi-criteria and multi-group treatment. The methodology can be applied to support any pre-decisional process launched in a country to find the best nuclear and/or non-nuclear option according to national preferences and priorities. The approach addresses major aspects of the environmental footprint of nuclear energy systems. As a case study, advanced nuclear fuel cycles are analyzed, which were previously investigated by the Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA/OECD) expert group WASTEMAN. Sustainability facets of waste management, resource utilization and economics are in focus.Keywords: advanced nuclear fuel cycles; waste management; resource utilisation; economics; performance comparison, multi-criteria decision analysis; sensitivity/uncertainty analysis, environmental footprint BackgroundInnovative electrical energy generating technologies should be sustainable, i.e., clean, safe, reliable and affordable and moreover able to preserve resources and minimise liabilities [1]. The nuclear technology option might compete in this sense with other large-scale energy producing technologies as, for instance those consuming coal or oil resources [2]. However, very much like other non-nuclear energy generation options, a nuclear option produces hazardous radioactive waste (radwaste)-called high-level waste (HLW) that contains long-living radionuclides. Therefore HLW should be isolated from the biosphere by a disposal site/system and an enclosure in special facilities, called HLW repositories [3]. This is the reason why nuclear waste management is of public concern in some

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German Spent Nuclear Fuel Legacy: Characteristics and High-Level Waste Management Issues

Cited by 20 publications

References 4 publications

Nuclear Waste Management Decision-Making Support with MCDA

Nuclear Waste Management Decision-Making Support with MCDA

Determination of the fast-neutron-induced fission cross-section of ²⁴²Pu at nELBE

Comparison and Screening of Nuclear Fuel Cycle Options in View of Sustainable Performance and Waste Management

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German Spent Nuclear Fuel Legacy: Characteristics and High-Level Waste Management Issues

Cited by 20 publications

References 4 publications

Nuclear Waste Management Decision-Making Support with MCDA

Nuclear Waste Management Decision-Making Support with MCDA

Determination of the fast-neutron-induced fission cross-section of 242Pu at nELBE

Comparison and Screening of Nuclear Fuel Cycle Options in View of Sustainable Performance and Waste Management

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Determination of the fast-neutron-induced fission cross-section of ²⁴²Pu at nELBE