Germanic Laryngeal Phonetics and Phonology

Salmons, Joseph

doi:10.1017/9781108378291.007

Cited by 79 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Our results therefore indicate that the transfer effect is a phonetic one rather than being at the phonological level. In this interpretation, WA is specified for [voice] but has a phonetic enhancement (Salmons 2020) in the form of a spread glottis gesture for the voiceless series, similar to what Avery & Idsardi (2001) argue for Japanese. 2 The voiceless stops do not get voiced in word-medial position because of this spread glottis gesture.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Voicing patterns in stops among heritage speakers of Western Armenian in Lebanon and the US

Kelly

Keshishian

2021

Nord J Linguist

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Research on Western Armenian (WA) has described it as having a contrast between voiceless aspirated stops and voiced stops (Fairbanks 1948; Vaux 1998; Baronian 2017). Since there is no monolingual community of WA, all speakers are part of a minority language community, and also speak the majority language. The current study examines speakers from two heritage communities of WA: one in Lebanon, where the majority language is Arabic, and one in the US, where the majority language is English. The speakers in Lebanon were found to have a contrast between voiced and voiceless unaspirated stops, in line with Lebanese Arabic. The speakers in the US were more variable, some having the English pattern of voiceless unaspirated and voiceless aspirated stops, while others had voiceless aspirated stops, but their voiced stops were variable between voiced and voiceless unaspirated. These results indicate L2 transfer in both communities, leading to two different patterns of voicing in WA.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Voicing patterns in stops among heritage speakers of Western Armenian in Lebanon and the US

Kelly

Keshishian

2021

Nord J Linguist

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“…Features that are active in phonological processes mark the relevant phoneme(s). Therefore we look to the directionality of laryngeal assimilations to determine whether we should consider aspiration or voicing as the relevant contrast between t and d. For Norwegian, as well as for most of Germanic (Iverson & Salmons 1995, Allen 2016, Salmons 2020, the so-called 'voiceless' or fortis consonants are active, spreading their 'voicelessness' to the inactive 'voiced' consonants in relevant environments, as in trygg [t h ɾ̥ ʏɡ] 'safe (M.SG/F.SG)' vs. trygt [t h ɾ̥ ʏkt] 'safe-N.SG' (cf. *[t h ɾ̥ ʏɡd]).…”

Section: Phonological Representations: Events Features and Precedencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…*[t h ɾ̥ ʏɡd]). 5 Fortis consonants are aspirated initially and may induce both progressive and regressive sonorant devoicing (Kristoffersen 2000, Allen 2016). Furthermore, there is no evidence that the feature [voice] has any active role in assimilatory processes in Norwegian.…”

Section: Phonological Representations: Events Features and Precedencementioning

confidence: 99%

Stability in the integrated bilingual grammar: Tense exponency in North American Norwegian

2023

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Decades of research on bilingual grammars corroborate the integrated nature of these systems, leading to the conjecture that these representations are ‘shared’ (Marian & Spivey 2003, Kroll & Gollan 2014, Putnam et al. 2018). A specific population of bilinguals, namely heritage language speakers, shows a tendency for highly variable allomorphy (Polinsky 2018, Putnam et al. 2021); however, with this aspect of grammar that is often in a state of flux, there are instances of stability. Here we thoroughly investigate the stability of tense allomorphy of in North American Norwegian (NAmNo), a moribund heritage language spoken in the Upper Midwestern United States. Formally, we build upon initial observations provided by Lykke (2020), showing how a late-insertion approach to the syntax–phonological interface in combination with events, features, and precedence (EFP) phonology (Raimy 2000, Papillon 2020, Idsardi 2022) provides a straightforward account of the structural complexities that determine exponency in bilingual grammars.

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2023

Sounds of English Worldwide

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Germanic Laryngeal Phonetics and Phonology

Cited by 79 publications

References 55 publications

Voicing patterns in stops among heritage speakers of Western Armenian in Lebanon and the US

Voicing patterns in stops among heritage speakers of Western Armenian in Lebanon and the US

Stability in the integrated bilingual grammar: Tense exponency in North American Norwegian

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