Germanium Reduces Inflammatory Damage in Mammary Glands During Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Mastitis in Mice

Wang, Yongsheng; Teng, Guo-Qing; Zhou, Han; Dong, Chunliu

doi:10.1007/s12011-020-02106-x

Cited by 11 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…ese phenomena are consistent with the results of Wang Yong sheng and Zhang Zhen Biao et al who established a mouse mastitis model [22,23], indicating that the experiment successfully constructed a mouse mammary gland model. After different doses of quercetin intervention, the mammary epithelial cells in the high-dose group were significantly restored compared with the middle and low-dose groups, but a small amount of red blood cells were still exuded, indicating that quercetin could repair damaged epithelial cells and thus achieve the purpose of restoring glandular follicle function.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Exploring the Action Mechanism of the Active Ingredient of Quercetin in Ligustrum lucidum on the Mouse Mastitis Model Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Biology Validation

Cao

Wang

et al. 2022

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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Aim. The aim of this study is to explore the mechanism of action of quercetin, the main active anti-inflammatory component of Ligustrum lucidum, in the prevention and treatment of mastitis. Methods. Prediction of the main active ingredients and key anti-inflammatory targets of Ligustrum lucidum using a network pharmacology platform and molecular biology validation of the results. Observation of histopathological changes in the mouse mammary gland by hematoxylin-eosin staining(H&E) method, quantitative real-time PCR(qPCR), and Western blot (WB) to detect the expression levels of relevant inflammatory factors mRNA and protein. Results. A total of 7 active ingredients and 42 key targets were obtained from the network pharmacological analysis of Ligustrum lucidum, with quercetin as the main core ingredient and tumor necrosis factor(TNF), serine threonine protein kinase1(AKT1), and interleukin6(IL6) as the core targets; H&E results showed that pathological changes were reduced to different degrees in the dose group compared to the model group. The qPCR results showed that the relative expression of TNF and IL6 mRNA in the high dose group on day 3 and the high and medium dose groups on day 7 were not significantly different compared with the blank group ( P > 0.05 ), and the difference between the dose groups on day 5 was significant ( P < 0.05 ). WB results showed that the difference in nuclear factor kappa-B(NF-κB) protein expression in the medium and low dose groups on day 7 was significant compared with the blank group ( P < 0.05 ), the difference in 5 and 7 days, significant differences in AKT1 protein expression between the middle and low dose groups ( P < 0.05 ), nonsignificant differences in the TNF protein expression between the high dose groups on day 7 ( P > 0.05 ), and significant differences in the IL6 protein expression between the middle and low dose groups on days 3 and 7 ( P < 0.05 ). Conclusion. Quercetin, the main active ingredient of Ligustrum lucidum, may act in the prevention and treatment of mastitis by inhibiting the expression of inflammatory factors in phosphoinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)-AKT and NF-κB signaling pathways and showa a significant dose-dependent effect. This study provides theoretical basis and clues for the control of mastitis in dairy cows.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Exploring the Action Mechanism of the Active Ingredient of Quercetin in Ligustrum lucidum on the Mouse Mastitis Model Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Biology Validation

Cao

Wang

et al. 2022

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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“…Asaigermanium ® (Ge-132) is a crystalline polymer that is hydrolyzed to THGP when dissolved in water [ 21 ]. Previous in vitro and in vivo studies by our laboratory and collaborative research center have revealed the various functions of Ge-132 and THGP [ 12 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 ]. In addition, the function of complexes formed by THGP with cis-diol structures has been clarified in vitro.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, in previous in vitro experiments, THGP was found to suppress the phosphorylation of NF-κB, p38, ERK, and JNK in mouse mammary gland cells to block inflammation induced by LPS. In addition, THGP has been reported to suppress the expression of TNF-α, IL-β, and IL-6 in the absence of ATP [ 25 ]. Thus, THGP may suppress the secretion of inflammatory cytokines in an ATP-independent manner.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Organogermanium Compound 3-(Trihydroxygermyl) Propanoic Acid (THGP) Suppresses Inflammasome Activation Via Complexation with ATP

Azumi

Shimada

Takeda

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Inflammasome activity is a key indicator of inflammation. The inflammasome is activated by pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), which activate the p38-NF-κB pathway and promote IL-1β transcription (signaling step 1). Next, extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) activates the inflammasome (a protein complex consisting of a signal recognition protein, an adapter protein, and Caspase-1) and secretion of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β (signaling step 2). Inflammasome activation causes excessive inflammation, leading to inflammasome-active diseases such as atherosclerosis and type 2 diabetes. A hydrolysate of the organogermanium compound Ge-132, 3-(Trihydroxygermyl) propanoic acid (THGP) can form a complex with a cis-diol structure. We investigated the inhibitory effect of THGP on inflammasome activity in human THP-1 monocytes. THGP inhibited IL-1β secretion and caspase-1 activation (signaling step 2) in an ATP-dependent manner. On the other hand, THGP did not suppress IL-1β secretion induced by only lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. In addition, as IL-6 is an ATP-independent inflammatory cytokine, THGP did not decrease its secretion. THGP also suppressed pyroptosis, which is a caspase-1 activity-dependent form of cell death. Therefore, THGP is expected to become a new therapeutic or prophylactic agent for inflammasome-associated diseases.

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“…In addition, Ge-132 is proposed as a treatment of a number of diseases: haemorrhagic and ischemic stroke [91,92], viral infections [43,54,[93][94][95] (including COVID-19 [43]), various inflammatory diseases, in particular mastitis [4]. Next, it is suggested in the treatment of diabetes mellitus to reduce insulin resistance [96], and as an antioxidant for various disorders caused by oxidative stress [53,54,[97][98][99] as well as in dermatological practice to heal skin wounds and protect the skin from reactive oxygen species [100,101].…”

Section: Germanium Sesquioxidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Currently, germanium is widely recognized as a vital trace element, in particular it is essential for the normal functioning of the immune system and playing a significant role in cancer prevention [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. Germanium is ubiquitously present in mammalian organs and tissues, with the highest concentration in the thymus.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological Activity of Trace Element Germanium Including Anticancer Properties

Менчиков¹,

Popov²

2023

Preprint

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Germanium is an essential microelement, and its deficiency can result in numerous diseases, particularly oncogenic conditions. Consequently, water-soluble germanium compounds, including inorganic and coordination compounds, have attracted significant attention due to their biological activity. The review analyzes the primary research from the last decade related to the anticancer activity of germanium compounds. Furthermore, the review clarifies their actual toxicity, identifies errors and misconceptions that have contributed to the discrediting of their biological activity, and suggests a putative mechanism of germanium-mediated protection from oxidative stress. Finally, the review provides clarifications on the discovery history of water-soluble organic germanium compounds, which was distorted and hushed up for a long time.

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Germanium Reduces Inflammatory Damage in Mammary Glands During Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Mastitis in Mice

Cited by 11 publications

References 27 publications

Exploring the Action Mechanism of the Active Ingredient of Quercetin in Ligustrum lucidum on the Mouse Mastitis Model Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Biology Validation

Exploring the Action Mechanism of the Active Ingredient of Quercetin in Ligustrum lucidum on the Mouse Mastitis Model Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Biology Validation

The Organogermanium Compound 3-(Trihydroxygermyl) Propanoic Acid (THGP) Suppresses Inflammasome Activation Via Complexation with ATP

Physiological Activity of Trace Element Germanium Including Anticancer Properties

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