'Germinal' and Zola's Philosophical and Religious Thought

Solution processed metal chalcogenide semiconductors for inorganic thin film photovoltaics

“…8 Comparison of chalcopyrite and kesterite crystal structures. 93 studies. [111][112][113][114][115] Part of the reason that antisite defects can so readily form in this material is the similarity in size of the Cu + , Zn 2+ , and Sn 4+ cations (Fig.…”

“…In essence, kesterite is basically two chalcopyrite unit cells where the +3 cations (In 3+ and Ga 3+ ) are replaced by the combination of a +2 cation (Zn 2+ ) and a +4 cation (Sn 4+ ). 92,93 The similarity in structure and constituent elements enabled researchers to quickly transition methods used in Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se) 2 processing to accelerate progress in Cu 2 ZnSn(S,Se) 4 solar cells. 94 Notably, solution processing methods have consistently been used in record devices for this material system.…”

Coal politics: receiving Émile Zola’sGerminal

“…The mismatch seems to be reconciled by Zola's material account of breath as something that sediments different forms of time-space. Beyond a geological reading of Germinal that introduces us to the literal sediments of coal (Walker 1984), it is worth remembering that the effects of coal dust are debilitating, inevitable, and irreversible. By building this account of breath's precarious place in industry alongside other breaths that index political and ecological environments, I propose a philosophy of historical sedimentation associated with new forms of Anthropocene Reading.…”