Germinal centres in T-cell-dependent antibody responses

Liu, Yongjun; Johnson, G. D.; Gordon, John; MacLennan, Ian C. M.

doi:10.1016/0167-5699(92)90199-h

Cited by 414 publications

(234 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Upon contact with antigen surface IgD þ B lymphocytes of the follicular mantle give rise to primary B cell blasts that colonize the germinal centres of the follicles [18][19][20][21] where B lymphocytes acquire the ability to strongly express the cell surface antigen CD38 [22]. Subsequently, the primary B cell blasts of the germinal centre follow a differentiation pathway from centroblasts to centrocytes and then to either plasma cells or memory cells [23][24][25][26]. The ordered expression of sIgD, CD23 and CD38 allows B cells to be divided into subsets of different stages of maturation localized in follicular mantle and germinal centre compartments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age‐Associated Changes in the Cellular Composition of the Human Adenoid

Mattila

Tarkkanen

1997

Scand J Immunol

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Mattila PS, Tarkkanen J. Age-Associated Changes in the Cellular Composition of the Human Adenoid. Scand J Immunol 1997;45:423-427 Histological investigations suggest that the size and number of lymphoid follicles of the adenoids and tonsils decrease during ageing. The mechanisms underlying the histological changes are unknown. The authors have analysed the frequency of lymphocyte subpopulations in the adenoids by flow cytometry. The proportion of B lymphocytes decreased and the proportion of T lymphocytes of all mononuclear cells increased with age. Of all B lymphocytes the proportion of CD38 þ , surface IgD ¹ B lymphocytes representing the germinal centre cell phenotype, decreased and the proportion of CD38 ¹ , IgD ¹ B lymphocytes representing the mature B lymphocyte phenotype, increased with age. The expression of CD23, a cell surface molecule associated with activation of follicular mantle IgD þ B lymphocytes, did not change with increasing age. The results imply that the involution of the adenoid is associated with a decreased germinal centre reaction and relative accumulation of mature B cells in the adenoidal tissue, as analysed by three-colour flow cytometry.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age‐Associated Changes in the Cellular Composition of the Human Adenoid

Mattila

Tarkkanen

1997

Scand J Immunol

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“…In the absence of IL-2, GC-B cell recovery has been shown to be decreased by at least 3-fold (6). However, activated T cells that produce IL-2 are not common in the dark zone of the GC (74), and centroblasts do not express IL-2R␣, which is essential for binding IL-2 with high affinity (75). In this study, we showed that IL-15 is present on FDC in the GC in vivo and that endogenous IL-15 from FDC/HK cells supported GC-B cell proliferation in vitro as comparable as or more than exogenous IL-2 alone when endogenous IL-15 was removed by blocking Ab (4.2 ϫ 10 5 in Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Follicular Dendritic Cells Produce IL-15 That Enhances Germinal Center B Cell Proliferation in Membrane-Bound Form

Park

Yoon

Armitage

et al. 2004

The Journal of Immunology

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Factors that control the survival and proliferation of Ag-stimulated B cells within the germinal center (GC) are crucial for humoral immune responses with high affinity Abs against infectious agents. The follicular dendritic cell (FDC) is known as a key cellular component of the GC microenvironment for GC-B cell survival and proliferation. In this study, we report that IL-15 is produced by human FDC in vivo and by an FDC cell line, FDC/HK cells, in vitro. IL-15 is captured by IL-15Rα on the surface of FDC/HK cells. The surface IL-15 is functionally active and augments GC-B cell proliferation. Because GC-B cells have the signal-transducing components (IL-2/15Rβγ), but not a receptor for binding of soluble IL-15 (IL-15Rα), IL-15 signaling is possibly transduced by transpresentation from FDCs to GC-B cells via cell-cell contact. Together, these results suggest that IL-15 from FDC, in membrane-bound form, plays an important role in supporting GC-B cell proliferation, proposing a new target for immune modulation as well as treatment of B cell tumors of GC origin.

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“…GCs are sites of multiplication and selection of Ag-specific B cells and consist of a follicle surrounded by a mantle zone (18,19). The follicle contains a DZ and a LZ.…”

Section: B Cell Subpopulations In the Gc Have Distinct Bmi-1 And Enx mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cutting Edge: Polycomb Gene Expression Patterns Reflect Distinct B Cell Differentiation Stages in Human Germinal Centers

Raaphorst

Kemenade

Fieret

et al. 2000

The Journal of Immunology

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Polycomb group (Pc-G) proteins regulate homeotic gene expression in Drosophila, mouse, and humans. Mouse Pc-G proteins are also essential for adult hematopoietic development and contribute to cell cycle regulation. We show that human Pc-G expression patterns correlate with different B cell differentiation stages and that they reflect germinal center (GC) architecture. The transition of resting mantle B cells to rapidly dividing Mib-1(Ki-67)+ follicular centroblasts coincides with loss of BMI-1 and RING1 Pc-G protein detection and appearance of ENX and EED Pc-G protein expression. By contrast, differentiation of centroblasts into centrocytes correlates with reappearance of BMI-1/RING1 and loss of ENX/EED and Mib-1 expression. The mutually exclusive expression of ENX/EED and BMI-1/RING1 reflects the differential composition of two distinct Pc-G complexes. The Pc-G expression profiles in various GC B cell differentiation stages suggest a role for Pc-G proteins in GC development.

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Germinal centres in T-cell-dependent antibody responses

Cited by 414 publications

References 40 publications

Age‐Associated Changes in the Cellular Composition of the Human Adenoid

Age‐Associated Changes in the Cellular Composition of the Human Adenoid

Follicular Dendritic Cells Produce IL-15 That Enhances Germinal Center B Cell Proliferation in Membrane-Bound Form

Cutting Edge: Polycomb Gene Expression Patterns Reflect Distinct B Cell Differentiation Stages in Human Germinal Centers

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