Germinant-Enhanced Decontamination of Bacillus Spores Adhered to Iron and Cement-Mortar Drinking Water Infrastructures

Szabo, Jeffrey G.; Muhammad, Nur; Heckman, Lee; Rice, Eugene W.; Hall, John S.

doi:10.1128/aem.07242-11

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Both experiments include injection of BG spores into an experimental pipe system, allowing them to come into Chlorine dioxide concentration-mg/L contact with cement-mortar drinking water infrastructure surfaces, followed by chlorine dioxide decontamination; however, the pilot-scale system is made of PVC with iron and cement-mortar coupons inserted that allow for biofilm growth. A detailed description of the pilot scale system at the T&E facility can be found in Szabo et al 2012. After injection of BG spores into the WSTB facility-pipe bulk-water phase, spores were detected at approximately 10 6 cfu/mL.…”

Section: Experimental Decontamination Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Full‐Scale Drinking Water System Decontamination at the Water Security Test Bed

et al. 2017

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The EPA's Water Security Test Bed (WSTB) facility is a full-scale representation of a drinking water distribution system. In collaboration with the Idaho National Laboratory (INL), EPA designed the WSTB facility to support full-scale evaluations of water infrastructure decontamination, real-time sensors, mobile water treatment systems, and decontamination of premise plumbing and appliances. The EPA research focused on decontamination of 1) (BG) spores, a non-pathogenic surrogate for and 2) Bakken crude oil. Flushing and chlorination effectively removed most BG spores from the bulk water but BG spores still remained on the pipe wall coupons. Soluble oil components of Bakken crude oil were removed by flushing although oil components persisted in the dishwasher and refrigerator water dispenser. Using this full-scale distribution system allows EPA to 1) test contaminants without any human health or ecological risk and 2) inform water systems on effective methodologies responding to possible contamination incidents.

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Section: Experimental Decontamination Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Full‐Scale Drinking Water System Decontamination at the Water Security Test Bed

et al. 2017

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“…A bioterrorist attack in food could potentially create huge financial cost to the impacted industry regarding the cleanup. The resistance of B. anthracis spores to disinfec tants and other inactivation methods were reported by some researchers (9,11,13). Another study showed that some disinfectants have a great effect in inactivating B. anthracis spores in the presence of food residues (3).…”

mentioning

confidence: 89%

Bacillus anthracis Spore Decontamination in Food Grease

Amoako

Santiago-Mateo

Shields

et al. 2013

Journal of Food Protection

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Bacillus anthracis Sterne strain spores were analyzed for their resistance against five disinfectants: commercial sodium hypochlorite, Spor-Klenz Ready-to-Use Cold Sterilant, accelerated hydrogen peroxide (AHP), Virkon, and surface decontamination foam (SDF). The aim of this study was to find an effective disinfectant that would reduce the viability of B. anthracis Sterne spores at ≥6 log in the presence of variables such as animal grease and fat, stainless steel, and temperature (room temperature and 4 °C). SDF and 10% sodium hypochlorite consistently reduced the growth of viable B. anthracis Sterne spores after 5 min in the presence of stainless steel at room temperature. It took at least 10 min of contact time for AHP to consistently reduce spore growth by ≥6 log, while it took at least 20 min for 5% bleach and Spor-Klenz to consistently inactivate ≥6 log spores in the presence of stainless steel at room temperature. AHP was the only disinfectant that reduced the viability of B. anthracis Sterne spores at ≥6 log in the presence of stainless steel and animal grease, both at room temperature and 4 °C after 24 h of contact time.

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“…Addition of a germinant (50% Trypticase™ soy broth) into a model distribution system, followed by flushing, was found to enhance the efficacy of chlorine (5 mg L −1 ) and encourage detachment of BG spores from established biofilms on concrete and iron surfaces, resulting in no detectable spores (>4 log 10 CFU cm −2 reduction) (Szabo et al 2012). Morrow & Cole (2009) also demonstrated enhanced chlorine efficacy after addition of germinant (1 mM inosine and 8 mM l-alanine) to a biofilm reactor containing B. anthracis Sterne spores associated with an established biofilm.…”

Section: Biofilms and Amoebamentioning

confidence: 99%

Inactivation of bacterial biothreat agents in water, a review

Rose

Rice

2014

Journal of Water and Health

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Water supplies and water distribution systems have been identified as potential targets for contamination by bacterial biothreat agents. Since the 2001 Bacillus anthracis bioterrorist attacks, additional efforts have been aimed at research to characterize biothreat organisms in regards to their susceptibility to disinfectants and technologies currently in use for potable water. Here, we present a review of research relevant to disinfection of bacteria with the potential to pose a severe threat to public health and safety, and their potential surrogates. The efficacy of chlorine, monochloramine, chlorine dioxide, and ultraviolet light to inactivate each organism in suspension is described. The complexities of disinfection under varying water conditions and when the organisms are associated with biofilms in distribution systems are discussed.

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Germinant-Enhanced Decontamination of Bacillus Spores Adhered to Iron and Cement-Mortar Drinking Water Infrastructures

Abstract: ABSTRACTGermination was evaluated as an enhancement to decontamination methods for removingBacillusspores from drinking water infrastructure. Germinating spores before chlorinating cement mortar or flushing corroded iron was more effective than chlorinating or flushing alone.

Cited by 14 publications

References 26 publications

Full‐Scale Drinking Water System Decontamination at the Water Security Test Bed

Full‐Scale Drinking Water System Decontamination at the Water Security Test Bed

Bacillus anthracis Spore Decontamination in Food Grease

Inactivation of bacterial biothreat agents in water, a review

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