Germination and Root Growth of 4 Osmoconditioned Cool-Season Grasses

Mueller, Daren

doi:10.2307/4002679

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…This is considered important for wheat grown in semiarid areas to extract more moisture from the deep soil layers. Similar observations were recorded by Mueller (1996) working on wheatgrass [Pasco'pyrum smithi (Rydb.) A Love).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…Seed osmopriming before sowing was found to establish deep roots more rapidly in a moist soil than untreated seed (Mueller and Bowtnan 1989). Pregermination treatment with an osmotic agent may reduce the number of days the soil surface would need to remain wet for successful seedling establishment (Mueller 1996). Osmoprimed seeds have been shown to germinate and emerge faster than untreated seeds (Hardegree andEmmerich 1992, Hardegree 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Response of Wheat and Barley during Germination to Seed Osmopriming at Different Water Potential

Al‐Karaki

1998

J Agronomy Crop Science

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Pre-sowing osmotic seed treatments were evaluated as a means of improving water uptake and germination performance of wheat {Triticum durum L. cv. Hourani-27) and barley {Hordeum vulgare L. cv. ACSAD 176) under four levels of water potetitial (0, -0.4, -0.8 and -1.2 MPa) created by using polyethylene glycoi 8000. Seeds were osmoprimed in aerated solutions of 0.0, 0.2, 0.4 or 0.6 M KCl at 24 + 2"C overnight and then rmsed and dried. Rate of water uptake by seeds was higher in osmoprimed than untreated seeds of both crops regardless of the water potential level. Decreasing water potential (more stress) adversely affected rate of water uptake in seeds of both crops. Seeds osmopriming increased germination percentage and decreased time to 50% germination at high water potentials (low stress), whereas the germination at low water potentials (more stress) was not affected by osmopriming treatments. The effect of osmopriming on rate of water uptake, germination percentage, and time to 50 Vo germination was more pronounced in wheat than in barley. Reduction in the lag time of imbibition may be accounted for in part by some germination rate enhancement in the osmopriming treatments. Fresh weight and length of shoots (plumules) and roots (radicles) were enhanced in osmoprimed seeds in comparison to untreated seeds, in both crops at high water potentials (0 and -0.4 MPa). As water potential in the medium decreased, these traits were inversely affected regardless of osmopriming treatment. Longer roots in wheat compared to barley were noted in the positive osmopriming treatments at high water potentials (0 and -0.4). These results might indicate that wheat is more responsive than barley at relatively high water potentials to osmopriming through rapid penetrating root system.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of Wheat and Barley during Germination to Seed Osmopriming at Different Water Potential

Al‐Karaki

1998

J Agronomy Crop Science

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“…Our results indicated that small seeded species had lower SVI and dry matter, although there were considerable differences in the geographic origin of accessions. It is possible that seedling establishment under drought stress for populations in Clusters IV and V may be improved by pre‐germinating or osmo‐conditioning seeds as suggested by several researchers (e.g., Mueller and Bowman, 1989; Mueller, 1996; Hardegree and Van Vactor, 2000; Hardegree et al, 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Seed germination and seedling establishment of cool‐season grasses under water stress conditions are affected by rapid germination, seedling vigor, seed size, early root initiation and rapid root extension (Johnson and Asay, 1993), water quantity and frequency following planting (Cox and Jordan, 1983; Frasier et al, 1987), seedbed preparation and time of seeding (Jordan, 1970), presence of seminal lateral root primordia, increasing the depth of planting (Hassanyar and Wilson, 1978), and pre‐germination or osmo‐conditioning of seed (Mueller and Bowman, 1989; Mueller, 1996; Hardegree and Van Vactor, 2000; Hardegree et al, 2002). Also, Isselstein et al (2002) showed that biotic and abiotic factors could limit seedling emergence and establishment of fen‐meadow species.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationships between Emergence and Soil Water Content for Perennial Cool‐Season Grasses Native to Iran

et al. 2006

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Native cool‐season grasses are important for improvement of arid and semiarid rangelands in Iran. However, germination and seedling emergence of these species is a critical phase in these areas and are not well understood. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of low soil moisture on emergence of 36 populations of native cool‐season grasses from 15 species of seven genera including Elymus, Agropyron, Secale, Hordeum, Bromus, Festuca, and Dactylis that were collected from different locations of Iran. A pot experiment was conducted in a greenhouse using a completely randomized design with three replicates. The populations were evaluated under field capacity (FC, −0.33 MPa), 75, 50, and 25% FC. Decreasing soil water content from FC to 25% FC reduced overall mean emergence from 69.3% to zero. Significant differences occurred among species and soil moisture levels for all characters except root/shoot dry weight ratio. Seedling emergence rate and root and shoot growth were decreased by limiting soil water content, while root‐to‐shoot length ratio (43%) was increased. Minimum water requirement for seedling emergence of all species except Dactylis glomerata L. was 50% FC (−0.6 MPa). Cluster analysis and canonical discriminant analysis separated the populations into five clusters. Populations in Clusters I and III had intermediate, Cluster II the greatest, and Clusters IV and V the least tolerance to low soil moisture. Cluster I and III had greater root and shoot biomass and rapid emergence, whereas decreasing soil moisture caused a severe reduction of root growth of 60% compared with the control. In response to low soil moisture, Cluster II showed high final emergence and the greatest stability (low sensitivity index) of root growth. Clusters IV and V had delayed emergence, low growth potential, and high sensitivity index for shoot and root growth under low soil moisture. In response to low soil moisture, there were differences among species and accessions of the same species collected from different ecological regions. These results suggest that the genetic diversity of Cluster II could be used for plant breeding programs and renovation of pastures in arid and semiarid regions of Iran.

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“…It is also in hne with the work of Brocklehurst and Dearman (1984) who found that drying vegetable seeds after treatment did not interact with either the priming chemical used or the species tested and those of Al-Mudaris and Jutzi (1998ab) and Al-Mudaris (1998a). Drying the seed slowly by controlling humidity may impact germination rates achieved through conditioning (Mueller 1996). The loss of cell membrane integrity during drying is repaired when seeds are allowed to imbibe water, albeit after a certain period (Knypl and Khan 1981).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 51%

Ionic combating mechanisms and their comparative effects on seed hardening under simulated supra-optimal environmental conditions

Kader¹

2003

Journal and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales

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Heat extremes and limited moisture are two of the most dominant environmental factors impacting stand establishment of rainfed sorghum {Sorghum bicolor L. Moench). Hardening is the process of exposing plants to gradual levels of stress and acclimation to foster better response to post-treatment stress factors. Three experiments were carried out under phytotron and germination cabinet conditions to test the effects of osmotic soaking of sorghum seeds with sodium chloride (NaCl) on germination and growth under simulated heat stress. The hypothesis was that the NaCl treatment forms an acclimation to stress by inducing hormonal responses to ionic toxicity caused by salt. This acclimation would lead to a lowered degree of response when the seed is exposed to future stress; namely, heat and/or drought. Independent variables included NaCl concentration, treatment duration, storage and genotype, whereas germination and growth were dependent variables. Further experiments tested various methods of achieving the initial acclimation "signahng" whilst reducing ionic toxicity through combating ions. Longer soaking treatment durations (2-3 days) and higher NaCl concentrations (16g NaCl P^) were detrimental to germination in comparison to lower concentrations (8g NaCl 1~^) and shorter durations (1 day). An interaction between concentration and duration of treatment existed where high concentrations performed better at lower treatment durations and vice versa. Combining 10 g NaCl 1~^ with 5g calcium sulphate to combat ionic toxicity produced a greater advancement of germination than NaCl alone. Drying duration of seeds did not affect subsequent germination nor did storage for 10 days to 1 month. The effects of osmotic conditioning are discussed and could have potential for improving sorghum success rates in harsh arid environments.

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Germination and Root Growth of 4 Osmoconditioned Cool-Season Grasses

Cited by 4 publications

References 11 publications

Response of Wheat and Barley during Germination to Seed Osmopriming at Different Water Potential

Response of Wheat and Barley during Germination to Seed Osmopriming at Different Water Potential

Relationships between Emergence and Soil Water Content for Perennial Cool‐Season Grasses Native to Iran

Ionic combating mechanisms and their comparative effects on seed hardening under simulated supra-optimal environmental conditions

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