Germination and seedling growth of Quercus (section Erythrobalanus) across openings in a mixed-deciduous forest of southern New England, USA

Ashton, Mark S.; Larson, Bruce C.

doi:10.1016/0378-1127(95)03636-9

Cited by 64 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Although increased foraging by small mammals has been reported in habitats with more protective cover from predation (Webb andWillson 1985, Wright et al 1998), red oak acorn consumption and removal by rodents in an oak-pine forest did not differ between intact forest and canopy gaps much larger than in our study (Plucinski and Hunter 2001). Higher seedling emergence and survival observed in the more exposed understory locations in the canopy gaps of the G1 and G2 plots may also be attributable to a more favourable environment for seed germination (Ashton and Larson 1996). Once emerged, seeded red oak exhibited survival (~73%) and size comparable to that of planted oak, suggesting direct seeding in pine plantations may be a viable regeneration option provided significant acorn predation can be avoided (Dey and Buchanan 1995).…”

Section: Diameter (Mm)supporting

confidence: 55%

Restoring southern Ontario forests by managing succession in conifer plantations

Parker¹,

Elliott²,

Dey³

et al. 2008

The Forestry Chronicle

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Thinning and underplanting of conifer plantations to promote natural succession in southern Ontario's forests for restoration purposes was examined in a young red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) plantation. Eleven years after application of five thinning treatments, seedling diameter, height, and stem volume of planted white ash (Fraxinus americana L), red oak, (Quercus rubra L.), and white pine (Pinus strobus L.) were positively correlated with thinning intensity and size of canopy openings. Percent survival did not differ among thinning treatments. Based on growth and survival responses, field performance of white ash and white pine was superior to red oak. Recommendations for restoring conifer plantations to native forest types are provided.Key words: acorn predation, direct seeding, Fraxinus americana, Pinus resinosa, Pinus strobus, plantations, Quercus rubra, red oak, red pine, underplanting, thinning, white ash, white pine RÉSUMÉ L'éclaircie et la plantation en sous-étage dans des plantations de conifères afin de promouvoir une succession naturelle dans les forêts du sud de l'Ontario devant être régénérées ont été étudiées dans le cas d'une jeune plantation de pin rouge (Pinus resinosa Ait.). Onze ans après la réalisation de cinq traitements d'éclaircie, le diamètre, la hauteur et le volume de la tige des semis plantés de frêne d'Amérique(Fraxinus americana L), de chêne rouge (Quercus rubra L.) et de pin blanc (Pinus strobus L.) ont été corrélés positivement avec l'intensité de l'éclaircie et la dimension de l'ouverture du couvert. Le pourcentage de survie n'a pas varié en fonction des traitements d'éclaircie. Selon les réactions de croissance et de survie, la performance sur le terrain du frêne d'Amérique et du pin blanc a été supérieure au chêne rouge. Des recommandations sur la régénération des plantations de conifère en espèces indigènes sont formulées dans cet article. .

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Section: Diameter (Mm)supporting

confidence: 55%

Restoring southern Ontario forests by managing succession in conifer plantations

Parker¹,

Elliott²,

Dey³

et al. 2008

The Forestry Chronicle

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“…Temperature, light and humidity have been identified as the most important factors for the germination and emergence of oak seedlings (Ashton and Larson, 1996;Puerta-Piñero, Gómez, & Valladares, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Germinación y emergencia de plántulas de cuatro especies de encino amenazadas

Cruz

López‐Barrera

Ramos-Prado

2016

MYB

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Germination and emergence of the endangered cloud forest oak species Quercus germana, Q. insignis, Q. sartorii and Q. xalapensis were observed under different light conditions (sun vs. shade) in a secondary forest fragment (SFF) and in a greenhouse (GRE). Seed weight variability was evaluated for each species and its relationship to germination and emergence determined. After 60 days, a total of 62.17% of the acorns had germinated and 37.79% had emerged in both experiments. Germination was highest in Q. sartorii (71.83% ± 2.09%), followed by Q. germana (66.33% ± 2.06%), Q. insignis (60.83% ± 2.34%) and Q. xalapensis (53.50% ± 2.32%). In the GRE, Q. insignis germination was higher under sun (62.00% ± 4.73%) than shade (48.00% ± 5.12%), whereas its emergence was the lowest (37.66% ± 3.46%) compared to other species in both light environments. In the SFF, germination and emergence only differed among species; Q. xalapensis germination was lowest (47.00% ± 3.11%) and Q. sartorii emergence was highest (58.66% ± 3.35%), compared to the other species. Acorn weight did not influence germination or emergence in any species. The implications of this study are discussed, along with recommended propagation techniques for growing oaks for forest restoration in disturbed areas.Keywords: early seedling establishment, light environment, Quercus, seed mass, tropical montane cloud forest.resumen La germinación y emergencia de encinos amenazados del bosque de niebla, Quercus germana, Q. insignis, Q. sartorii y Q. xalapensis fue evaluada bajo diferentes condiciones lumínicas (sol vs. sombra) en un fragmento de bosque secundario (SFF) y un invernadero (GRE). Para cada una de las especies, la variabilidad del peso de la semilla fue relacionada con la germinación y emergencia. Después de 60 días, en ambos experimentos, un total de 62.17% de las bellotas germinaron y 37.79% emergieron. La germinación fue mayor en Q. sartorii (71.83% ± 2.09%), seguido de Q. germana (66.33% ± 2.06%), Q. insignis (60.83% ± 2.34%) y Q. xalapensis (53.50% ± 2.32%). En el GRE, la germinación de Q. insignis fue mayor bajo el sol (62.00% ± 4.73%) que bajo la sombra (48.00% ± 5.12%), mientras que su emergencia fue la más baja (37.66% ± 3.46%) comparada con otras especies en ambos ambientes lumínicos. En el SFF, la germinación y emergencia solo fueron diferentes entre especies; Q. xalapensis registró la germinación más baja (47.00% ± 3.11%) y Q. sartorii la emergencia más alta (58.66% ± 3.35%) comparada con el resto de las especies. El peso de la bellota no influyó en la germinación y emergencia de las especies. Se discuten las implicaciones de este estudio, así como recomendaciones sobre técnicas de propagación para la producción de encinos para restaurar bosques en áreas perturbadas.Palabras clave: establecimiento temprano de plántulas, ambiente lumínico, Quercus, peso de semilla, bosque de niebla.

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“…Partially consumed acorns and shell fragments were observed near many of the seeding spots at the end of the first growing season, suggesting small mammals were the primary source of this mortality. Better initial survival of seeded oak in the understory openings of the G2 plots is likely attributable to a more favourable environment for germination and early growth (Ashton and Larson 1996). Lack of protective overstory cover and higher exposure to predators in these openings may also have deterred herbivory (Webb andWillson 1985, Wright et al 1998).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Managing succession in conifer plantations: converting young red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) plantations to native forest types by thinning and underplanting

Parker¹,

Elliott²,

Dey³

et al. 2001

The Forestry Chronicle

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. ~e w r n a s t e r l f~The effects of thinning on growth and survival of white pine (Pinus strobus L.), white ash (Fraxinus americana L.), and red oak (Quercus rubra L.), and understory plant diversity were examined in a young red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) plantation. Five years after thinning, seedling diameter, height, and stem volume were positively correlated with thinning intensity and the size of canopy openings. Percent survival did not differ among thinning treatments, but was significantly higher in white ash and white pine than red oak. Understory vegetation included 113 species, with species richness increasing with thinning intensity and proximity to neighbouring plant communities. Thinning to create relatively large canopy openings in combination with underplanting can promote the natural succession of young pine plantations to native forest species.Keywords: direct seeding, plant diversity, natural regeneration, red oak, restoration, white ash, white pine Les effets de 1'Cclaircie sur la croissance et la survie du pin blanc (Pinus strobus L.), du frCne d'AmCrique (Fraxinus americana L.) et du chCne rouge (Quercus rubra L.) et sur la diversit6 des plantes en sous-6tage ont 6t6 CtudiCs dans une jeune plantation de pin rouge (Pinus resinosa Ait.). Cinq annkes aprks l'Cclaircie, le diamktre, la hauteur et le volume de la tige des semis ont Ct C corrklks positivement avec l'intensitk de 1'Cclaircie et la taille des ouvertures dans le couvert des cimes. Le pourcentage de sumie n'a pas diffkrk selon les traitements d'kclaircie, mais il Ctait significativement plus Clev6 pour le fr&ne d' AmCrique et le pin blanc que pour le chCne rouge. La vCgCtation en sous-Ctage comprenait 113 espkces, et la diversit6 des espkces augmentait selon I'intensitC d'kclaircie et la proximite de communautks de plantes avoisinantes. Une tclaircie r6alisCe dans le but de cr6er d'importantes ouvertures dans le couvert en association avec un regarnissage peut promouvoir la succession naturelle des plantations de jeunes pins vers des espkces forestikres indigknes.

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Germination and seedling growth of Quercus (section Erythrobalanus) across openings in a mixed-deciduous forest of southern New England, USA

Cited by 64 publications

References 34 publications

Restoring southern Ontario forests by managing succession in conifer plantations

Restoring southern Ontario forests by managing succession in conifer plantations

Germinación y emergencia de plántulas de cuatro especies de encino amenazadas

Managing succession in conifer plantations: converting young red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) plantations to native forest types by thinning and underplanting

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