Germination Characteristics of Selected California Oak Species

Matsuda, Kozue; McBride, Joe R.

doi:10.2307/2425684

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Acorns on the surface can overheat under direct sun, and acorns buried by scatter-hoarding jays or other processes exhibit higher germination and survival (Borchert et al 1989). With adequate moisture, germination occurs without delay in Q. douglasii and seedlings emerge over the ensuing winter and spring (Matsuda and Mcbride 1989). Germination and initial development in Q. kelloggii may be delayed by weeks or months as it is dependent upon cold stratification (McDonald 1978, Matsuda andMcbride 1989).…”

Section: Study Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shrinking windows of opportunity for oak seedling establishment in southern California mountains

et al. 2016

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Abstract. Seedling establishment is a critical step that may ultimately govern tree species' distribution shifts under environmental change. Annual variation in the location of seed rain and microclimates results in transient "windows of opportunity" for tree seedling establishment across the landscape. These establishment windows vary at fine spatiotemporal scales that are not considered in most assessments of climate change impacts on tree species range dynamics and habitat displacement. We integrate field seedling establishment trials conducted in the southern Sierra Nevada and western Tehachapi Mountains of southern California with spatially downscaled grids of modeled water-year climatic water deficit (CWD wy ) and mean August maximum daily temperature (T max ) to map historical and projected future microclimates suitable for establishment windows of opportunity for Quercus douglasii, a dominant tree species of warm, dry foothill woodlands, and Q. kelloggii, a dominant of cooler, more mesic montane woodlands and forests. Based on quasi-binomial regression models, Q. douglasii seedling establishment is significantly associated with modeled CWD wy and to a lesser degree with modeled T max . Q. kelloggii seedling establishment is most strongly associated with T max and best predicted by a two-factor model including CWD wy and T max . Establishment niche models are applied to explore recruitment window dynamics in the western Tehachapi Mountains, where these species are currently widespread canopy dominants. Establishment windows are projected to decrease by 50-95%, shrinking locally to higher elevations and north-facing slopes by the end of this century depending on the species and climate scenario. These decreases in establishment windows suggest the potential for longer-term regional population declines of the species. While many additional processes regulate seedling establishment and growth, this study highlights the need to account for topoclimatic controls and interannual climatic variation when assessing how seedling establishment and colonization processes could be affected by climate change.

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Section: Study Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shrinking windows of opportunity for oak seedling establishment in southern California mountains

et al. 2016

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“…[18][19][20] Cerris (Ilex) ND ND ND Q. ilex L. [12] Cerris (Ilex) ND DD DD Q. leucotrichophora A.Camus [19,21] Cerris (Ilex) ND PD/ND Q. semecarpifolia Sm. [20] Cerris (Ilex) ND ND ND Q. agrifolia Née [22,23] Quercus (Lobatae) PD PD Q. emoryi Torr. [24] Quercus (Lobatae) ND ND ND Q. kelloggii Newb.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[26] Quercus (Lobatae) PD PD Q. phellos L. [27] Quercus (Lobatae) PD PD Q. rubra L. [28] Quercus (Lobatae) PD PD Q. texana Buckley [27] Quercus (Lobatae) PD PD Q. wislizeni A.DC [23,29] Quercus (Lobatae) PD PD Q. chrysolepis Liebm. [23,29] Quercus (Protobalanus) PD PD Q. vaccinifolia Kellogg [30] Quercus (Protobalanus) PD PD Q. alba L. [31] Quercus (Quercus) ND PD epicotyl PD Q. arizonica Sarg. [24] Quercus (Quercus) ND ND ND Q. douglasii Hook.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Intermediate Epicotyl Physiological Dormancy in the Recalcitrant Seed of Quercus chungii F.P.Metcalf with the Elongated Cotyledonary Petiole

Sun

Dai

et al. 2021

Forests

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Control of seed germination and dormancy is important in seed plant adaptation and evolution. When studying seed dormancy of Quercus species, we observed a substantially delayed shoot emergence following a fast root emergence in Quercus chungii F.P.Metcalf. Since epicotyl physiological dormancy (PD) has not been reported in Quercus section Cyclobalanopsis, we examined seed morphology and germination in Q. chungii and aimed to document epicotyl PD in the seeds. The embryo was fully developed in fresh ripe seeds. The elongating cotyledonary petiole pushed the embryo axis out of the seed during germination, which differed from observations in other Quercus species. Shoots emerged from seeds with developing roots after 3 months of warm stratification (35/25 °C), reaching the highest percentage of shoot emergence in seeds after 5 months. Seeds were recalcitrant and displayed a yet unreported epicotyl PD type, for which we propose the formula Cnd(root) ‒ Cp’’ 2b(shoot). Early emergence and development of the root system in Q. chungii seeds with epicotyl PD appears to be a mechanism to maintain a constant water supply to the shoot during plumule development and emergence. Our documentation of seed germination will provide guidance for the conservation and restoration of this species from seeds.

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“…Erythrobalanus) and the most abundant oak species in the study area (Perea et al 2017). Quercus agrifolia acorns are considered non-dormant, slow-germinating seeds (Matsuda and Mcbride 1989).…”

Section: Study Area and Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early plant development depends on embryo damage location: the role of seed size in partial seed predation

Perea

Fernándes

Dirzo

2019

Oikos

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Seed predators sometimes inflict non‐lethal seed damage. We asked whether seed size modulates the location of insect seed damage and examined whether location‐specific damage on the embryo influences early plant development (embryo survival, germination, seedling emergence and performance). We used intact and weevil‐infested seeds of a prevalent California oak tree Quercus agrifolia as study model. We conducted observational and manipulative studies (simulate partial embryo damage). Seed size significantly affected the location of insect damage within the seed and, in turn, the probability of embryo damage, with larger seeds showing lower probability of embryo damage. The location of the larva exit hole was strongly associated with the probability of embryo damage, with 0.9 probability when the exit hole is located <5 mm from the embryo. Partial damage on the embryo was found in ca 11% of the infested seeds (n = 250). Among them, 63% showed damage only on the inner part (plumule) of the embryo. Damage on the plumule (the rudimentary shoot) was more lethal than damage on the radicle, particularly at the emergence phase, when success rate of plumule‐damaged seeds decreased by half as compared to that of radicle‐damaged seeds. Plumule‐damaged seeds also emerged much later and performed more poorly than radicle‐damaged seeds. Furthermore, seedlings that emerged from plumule‐damaged seeds showed poorer physiological parameters (lower chlorophyll and nitrogen content) than those emerged from radicle‐damaged seeds. Overall, intact seeds performed better than both types of damaged seeds. We highlight that seed size and its associated differential location of seed damage determines the occurrence of embryo damage and the region affected within the embryo (e.g. plumule versus radicle) which, in turn, affects important components of plant fitness. Different selective pressures affecting mostly the plumule (insects) versus the radicle (embryo‐clipping rodents) may contribute to elucidate the co‐evolutionary dynamics of seeds and their predators.

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Germination Characteristics of Selected California Oak Species

Cited by 15 publications

References 6 publications

Shrinking windows of opportunity for oak seedling establishment in southern California mountains

Shrinking windows of opportunity for oak seedling establishment in southern California mountains

Intermediate Epicotyl Physiological Dormancy in the Recalcitrant Seed of Quercus chungii F.P.Metcalf with the Elongated Cotyledonary Petiole

Early plant development depends on embryo damage location: the role of seed size in partial seed predation

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