Germination ecology of <i><scp>E</scp>mex spinosa</i> and <i><scp>E</scp>mex australis</i>, invasive weeds of winter crops

Javaid, Muhammad Mansoor; Tanveer, Asif

doi:10.1111/wre.12111

Cited by 48 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Seedlings could emerge from depths up to 4 cm and none of epicotyls of germinated seeds reach the soil surface at 5 and 6 cm burial depths. Decreasing emergence at increased planting depth has been reported in several weed species that may be caused by exhaustion of seedling reserves before emergence (Javaid & Tanveer, ; Amini et al ., ). Based on the results of data regarding light (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of environmental factors and burial depth on seed germination and emergence of two populations of Caucalis platycarpos

2017

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Summary Caucalis platycarpos is a weed species in irrigated and dry land farming systems in East Azerbaijan and Kermanshah provinces of Iran. Experiments were undertaken to compare C. platycarpos seed germination and emergence of a population from each province over a range of environmental factors, burial depth and crop residue treatments. The Azerbaijan population required lower temperatures (20/10°C day/night temperature) for its highest (90%) germination, compared with the Kermanshah population (88% germination at 25/15°C day/night temperature). In both populations, germination was 84–90% over a wide range of light/dark periods (10–24 h light), but considerable reduction (up to 42%) occurred under continuous darkness. The osmotic potential required for 50% inhibition of germination was −0.54 and −0.40 MPa for Azerbaijan and Kermanshah populations respectively. The NaCl concentration of 8.83 and 5.71 dS m−1 caused 50% inhibition of germination in Azerbaijan and Kermanshah populations respectively. The X50 parameter (the burial depth at which emergence is reduced by 50%) for Azerbaijan and Kermanshah population was 2.18 and 2.86 cm respectively. Crop residues had more inhibitory effects on the Azerbaijan than Kermanshah population. Adaptive differentiation of C. platycarpos populations has also resulted in smaller seeds of the Azerbaijan compared with the Kermanshah population and resulted in higher emergence for Kermanshah population seedlings from greater soil depths. These results suggest that differences in germination requirements, drought and salinity tolerance of C. platycarpos populations are correlated with environmental conditions of the habitats of the studied populations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of environmental factors and burial depth on seed germination and emergence of two populations of Caucalis platycarpos

2017

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“…Emex spinosa is native to the Mediterranean region and Asia Minor, whereas E. australis is native to Southern Africa. Both weeds may co-exist in wheat fields and are difficult to distinguish after cotyledenous leaf stage until fruiting (Javaid & Tanveer, 2014). In addition to competitive effects, these are problematic in winter crops because of their quick vegetative and reproductive growth, which adversely affects harvest efficiency and crop quality (Abbas et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wheat Yield Loss in a Two Species Competition with Emex australis and Emex spinosa

et al. 2016

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-Emex australis and E. spinosa are significant weed species in wheat and other crops. Information on the extent of competition of the Emex species will be helpful to access yield losses in wheat. Field experiments were conducted to quantify the interference of tested weed densities each as single or mixture of both at 1:1 on their growth and yield, wheat yield components and wheat grain yield losses in two consecutive years. Dry weight of both weed species increased from 3-6 g m -2 with every additional plant of weed, whereas seed number and weight per plant decreased with increasing density of either weed. Both weed species caused considerable decrease in yield components like spike bearing tillers, number of grains per spike, 1000-grain weight of wheat with increasing density population of the weeds. Based on non-linear hyperbolic regression model equation, maximum yield loss at asymptotic weed density was estimated to be 44 and 62% with E. australis, 56 and 70% with E. spinosa and 63 and 72% with mixture of both species at 1:1 during both year of study, respectively. It was concluded that E. spinosa has more competition effects on wheat crop as compared to E. australis. Keywords

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“…The germination of seeds of weed plants and the success in infestation of new environments can also be affected by soil pH. The response of plants to pH varies among the species, and many of them tolerate an interval of pH between 5.0 and 10.0, however, studies show that some weed plants can germinate outside of this range (Javaid & Tanveer, 2014). The tolerance to a broad range of pH is common in weed plant species, and it allows invading diverse environments (Mobli;Ghanbari & Rastgoo, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Aluminum and pH on Germination of Echium plantagineum L.

Roso

Nunes

Müller

et al. 2020

JAS

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The objetive of this study was to identify the effects of aluminum concentrations and pH levels of solution on germination of Echium plantagineum L. seeds. Three different experiments were carried out in completely randomized design with four repetitions. In the first experiment, we used aluminum sulfate solutions in concentrations of 0.0; 0.3; 0.6; 1.0; 2.0; 3.0; 4.0; 5.0; 6.0 and 7.0 cmolc L -1 and in the second experiment, solutions with different pH, 3.0; 4.0; 5.0; 6.0; 7.0; 8.0; 9.0 and 10.0. In the third experiment, we carried out a factorial (4x4) with aluminum sulfate solutions (0.0; 2.0; 4.0 and 6.0 cmolc L -1 ) and pH (4.0; 5.0; 6.0 and 7.0). It was evaluated the germination of Echium plantagineum L. at four and 14 days after seeding (DAS), germination speed index, primary root length, aerial part and dry mass of seedlings. The presence of aluminum reduced the germination by 27 and 40% at four and 14 DAS, respectively, in concentrations superior to 3.0 cmolc L -1 . The three growth parameters presented linear reduction with the increase of aluminum concentrations. In the second experiment, the solutions with pH of 3.0 and 10.0 provided increases in germination, length of root and aerial part, and little influence in the dry mass of seedlings. In the third experiment, there was significant interaction between the aluminum concentrations and pH levels of substrate. The presence of aluminum in the substrate presented toxic effect on germination of seeds, length of seedlings and dry mass. The pH of the solution has little effect in germination of seeds and in the growth of seedlings of E. plantagineum.

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Germination ecology of Emex spinosa and Emex australis, invasive weeds of winter crops

Cited by 48 publications

References 33 publications

Effects of environmental factors and burial depth on seed germination and emergence of two populations of Caucalis platycarpos

Effects of environmental factors and burial depth on seed germination and emergence of two populations of Caucalis platycarpos

Wheat Yield Loss in a Two Species Competition with Emex australis and Emex spinosa

Effects of Aluminum and pH on Germination of Echium plantagineum L.

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