Germination Ecology of Seeds with Nondeep Physiological Dormancy

Baskin, Carol C.; Baskin, Jerry M.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-416677-6.00004-4

Cited by 18 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 341 publications

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“…Although not quantified in this study, differences between residue removal treatments could be explained by differential interception of red to far red radiation. Light, particularly in the red band of the spectrum, are signals used by weed seeds to identify favorable periods for germination and emergence (Baskin and Baskin, 2001). The growing cover crop canopy intercepts short‐wave radiation, reduces the amount of light reaching the soil surface, lowers the ratio of red‐to‐far red radiation, and reduces the heating radiation absorbed by the soil (Teasdale and Daughtry, 1993; Teasdale et al, 2007).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, oilseed radish ( R. sativus L. variety oleiformis ) winter cover crops suppressed winter annual weeds until March/April in on‐farm vegetable studies conducted in western New York (Stivers‐Young, 1998). In Michigan, oilseed radish reduced early spring weed density and biomass before vegetable crops and also reduced recoverable weed seeds in the soil seed bank compared to a no cover crop control (Baskin and Baskin, 2001; Wang et al, 2008). In Ontario, Canada, oilseed radish also produced sufficient biomass in 2 of 3 site‐years to suppress fall growth of volunteer winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) by 75% (Swanton et al, 1996).…”

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The Mechanism for Weed Suppression by a Forage Radish Cover Crop

2012

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Little is known about the mechanism of winter annual weed suppression by forage radish (Raphanus sativus L. variety longipinnatus) winter cover crops. Previous studies suggest that allelopathy from decomposing residue and competition due to rapid canopy development contribute to weed suppression by other Brassica cover crops. Four contrasting experimental approaches were used to identify the mechanism of weed suppression by forage radish cover crops. Results of a fi eld based cover crop residue-transfer experiment supported the hypothesis that fall cover crop weed competition is the dominant mechanism of weed suppression following forage radish cover crops. A high level of early spring weed suppression was observed where forage radish grew in the fall regardless of whether residues were left in place or removed. In contrast, there was limited weed suppression in bare soil treatments that received additions of forage radish tissues. Bioassays using cover crop amended soil or aqueous extracts of cover crop tissues and amended soil did not reveal any allelopathic activity limiting seed germination or seedling establishment. In a fi eld-based weed seed bioassay, forage radish cover crops did not inhibit emergence of winter-planted weed seeds relative to a no cover crop control. Forage radish amended soils stimulated seedling growth of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) in all types of bioassays. Th e results of the four experiments in this study point to a common conclusion that fall weed competition is the dominant mechanism for early spring weed suppression following forage radish winter cover crops.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

The Mechanism for Weed Suppression by a Forage Radish Cover Crop

2012

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“…Temperatures experienced by the maternal plant during seed development can influence germination timing by setting dormancy level (Galloway & Etterson, 2007;Donohue, 2009). Dormancy level in turn defines the range of post-dispersal temperatures that elicit germination (Donohue et al, 2005a;Baskin & Baskin, 2014). How seed-maturation temperature interacts with post-dispersal temperature to influence the probability of germination will determine the timing of germination under seasonally varying conditions (see Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple paths to similar germination behavior in Arabidopsis thaliana

2015

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SummaryGermination timing influences plant fitness, and its sensitivity to temperature may cause it to change as climate shifts. These changes are likely to be complex because temperatures that occur during seed maturation and temperatures that occur post-dispersal interact to define germination timing.We used the model organism Arabidopsis thaliana to determine how flowering time (which defines seed-maturation temperature) and post-dispersal temperature influence germination and the expression of genetic variation for germination.Germination responses to temperature (germination envelopes) changed as seeds aged, or after-ripened, and these germination trajectories depended on seed-maturation temperature and genotype. Different combinations of genotype, seed-maturation temperature, and afterripening produced similar germination envelopes. Likewise, different genotypes and seedmaturation temperatures combined to produce similar germination trajectories. Differences between genotypes were most likely to be observed at high and low germination temperatures.The germination behavior of some genotypes responds weakly to maternal temperature but others are highly plastic. We hypothesize that weak dormancy induction could synchronize germination of seeds dispersed at different times. By contrast, we hypothesize that strongly responsive genotypes may spread offspring germination over several possible germination windows. Considering germination responses to temperature is important for predicting phenology expression and evolution in future climates.

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“…The content of each nylon stocking was air‐dried and weighed, well mixed, and then split into two equal parts. The halves were then randomly assigned to either being immediately germinated or to be frozen at −15 °C for 7 months (mimicking cold stratification to break the physiological dormancy of seeds; Baskin & Baskin, ). The immediately germinated seed trap samples were kept at 4 °C for up to 2 days in a refrigerator prior to being moved to a greenhouse for germination.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant recolonization of reclamation areas from patches of salvaged forest floor material

Jones

Landhäusser

2017

Applied Vegetation Science

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Question: Understorey development is a great challenge in the restoration of many forest sites, particularly when sources of vegetation propagules are scarce. Can placement of propagule-rich soil patches within reclaimed landscapes otherwise covered with propagule-poor material promote the dispersal of vegetation from the patches into the surrounding areas? Location: Large reclamation site in the Canadian (Alberta) boreal forest.Method: Patches of propagule-rich forest floor material were placed within a matrix of propagule-poor peat material. Vegetation assessments (cover estimates, seed rain) were done surrounding these patches in the third and fourth growing seasons. Results:There was significant egress of species from the patches into the peat after four growing seasons, and overall species associated with the patches had higher cover in the peat than species that were associated with the peat itself. While winddispersed herbaceous species from the patches were found at the leading edge of the egressing community, most species used vegetative propagation, resulting in short egress distances. Several patch-associated species were found in seed rain collected on the peat areas but were not observed in this material, suggesting seedbed limitations.Conclusion: Despite the relatively short distance of egress, this experiment suggests that placement of propagule-rich soil material within reclaimed landscapes will promote egress into adjacent propagule-poor soil material. K E Y W O R D Sapplied nucleation, boreal forest, plant community, plant egress, propagule bank, reclamation, restoration ecology, soil placement, soil salvage, understorey

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Germination Ecology of Seeds with Nondeep Physiological Dormancy

Cited by 18 publications

References 341 publications

The Mechanism for Weed Suppression by a Forage Radish Cover Crop

The Mechanism for Weed Suppression by a Forage Radish Cover Crop

Multiple paths to similar germination behavior in Arabidopsis thaliana

Plant recolonization of reclamation areas from patches of salvaged forest floor material

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