Germination of Cassava (Manihot Esculenta Crantz) Pollen

Mbahe, R.E.; Aken'ova, M. E.; Hahn, S.K.

doi:10.17660/actahortic.1994.380.25

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…that are currently undergoing in vitro growth to allow future field evaluations and characterization. Successful in vitro pollen germination in the family Euphorbiacea is rare with limited success (for example, Orrego and Hershey, 1984;Mbahe et al, 1994;Chavarriaga-Aguirre and Halsey, 2005;Viera et al, 2012); however, efficient pollen germination was achieved in our study using modified Brewbaker and Kwack (1963) medium at pH 5.8. These results annul an earlier hypothesis by Viera et al (2012) claiming the presence of a specific substance found in the stigma but not in the medium that induces pollen germination, which opens up opportunities to study the impact of irradiation in cassava.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 59%

In vitro embryo rescue and plant regeneration following self-pollination with irradiated pollen in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz)

Buttibwa¹,

Kawuki²,

Tugume³

et al. 2015

Afr. J. Biotechnol.

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Cassava is a highly heterozygous species; hence, current methods used in classical cassava breeding cannot match the urgent need to high yielding varieties. Recently, progress was made through androgenesis and gynogenesis as pathways for raising doubled cassava haploid lines to overcome problems associated with cassava's inherent reproductive biology, but these efforts were limited (no candidate cassava plantlets were regenerated). For the first time, this study shows that pollen irradiation coupled with self-pollination and embryo rescue regenerated 62 candidate cassava plantlets. Plants of an elite cassava variety, Nase14, served as a mother plant and as the pollen donor for the irradiation. Irradiation dosages of 50 to 250 Gray studied across five pollination events and 300 or 500 Gray in one pollination event caused a reduction in pollen germination up to 67.0%. By 15 days after pollination (DAP) with irradiated pollen, up to 89.7% of the pollinated flowers had aborted. By embryo rescue time (42 DAP), significant differences were observed in number of fruits, seeds and embryos generated, with the non-irradiated pollen treatments having significantly higher numbers. Sixteen (16) heterozygous SSR markers in the parent and ploidy analysis showed that none of the regenerated plants was haploid or homozygous. However, the plantlets resulting from pollination with non-irradiated pollen had 56.2% homozygous loci, while progeny derived from irradiated treatments had frequencies of homozygous loci between 28.1 and 55.0%. This is the first time to use irradiated pollen in cassava as a pathway to generate candidate plantlets as an initial step in double haploid production.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 59%

In vitro embryo rescue and plant regeneration following self-pollination with irradiated pollen in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz)

Buttibwa¹,

Kawuki²,

Tugume³

et al. 2015

Afr. J. Biotechnol.

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“…Th e results from that author did not diff er from those obtained by Orrego & Hershey (1984) who, when studying in vitro germination of Manihot esculenta Crantz pollen, also did not observe the growth of the pollen tube in any of the culture media assessed. On the other hand, Mbahe et al (1994) found a variation from 0.4 to 0.57% for pollen germination in cultivated cassava.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…For in vivo germination, all accessions were crossed with the same female parent plant, the 'Rosa' variety (BGM 260), due to the great number of female fl owers available. Ten female fl owers were covered with fabric bags and, while the fl owers were open, manual crosses were performed during the hottest time of the day, from 12:00h to 14:00h, when the stigmas were most receptive (Mbahe et al 1994). Th e pollen grains were collected from the diff erent Manihot species at pre-anthesis ( To analyze pollen viability with stains, the same accessions examined in the in vitro tests were used.…”

Section: Pollen Viabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Th e in vitro method is the most used in these studies because it is an effi cient method, fast and easy to observe (Marcellán & Camacho 1996;Geetha et al 2004;Chiai et al 2009). However, results from these viability assessments in cassava have not been encouraging, thus demanding additional eff orts in this regard (Orrego & Hershey 1984;Mbahe et al 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Viability, production and morphology of pollen grains for different species in the genus Manihot (Euphorbiaceae)

et al. 2012

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The objective of this work was to characterize the viability, production and morphology of pollen for different species in the genus Manihot. Floral buds from Manihot accessions were collected from two germplasm banks at Embrapa Cassava & Fruits. The viability of the pollen was assessed via colorimetric, in vitro and in vivo assays. The diameter of the pollen grains was determined by measuring the transversal length of the grain. The experimental design was entirely randomized. Studies on pollen ultrastructure were performed via scanning electron microscopy. Pollen viability was high in the colorimetric tests and intermediate in vivo tests; there was no germination in the in vitro tests. The average production for all accessions was 1,253 pollen grains per floral bud. The size of the pollen grains varied from 132 to 163 µm in the wild accessions, and 129 to 146 µm in the cultivated accessions. The pollen grains for all accessions were very large, apolar, spherical as well as inaperturate, with an exine ornamented with pila organized in a Croton pattern. The wild accessions, in general, produced more and larger pollen grains compared with the cultivated accessions.

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“…The cyanide contents of cassava leaves and roots depend on the roots' ages and parts and range from 189 to 2466 ppm 16,17 . Older leaves and roots have lower cyanide compared to the younger ones.…”

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confidence: 99%

Correlate the cyanogenic potential and dry matter content of cassava roots and leaves grown in different environments

Alamu,

Dixon,

Adesokan

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is an essential stable food crop in Sub-Saharan Africa commonly consumed amongst the low-income communities in Africa. Though cassava roots and leaf have vast economic and commercial benefits, it produces cyanogenic glycosides, which are toxic and most often responsible for the bitter taste of some cassava cultivars. The study evaluates the cassava roots and leaves’ cyanogenic potential and dry matter content of the Genetic Gain Assessment trial grown in a different environment. It establishes the association between the cyanogenic potential (CNP) and the roots and leaves dry matter (DM). Genetic Gain Assessment (GGA) cassava genotypes (N = 400) selected for the Uniform Yield Trial (UYT) breeding stage were planted under IVS (Dry season in Inland Valley Hydromorphic area) and Upland (rain-fed conditions) in two locations of IITA Research Farms, namely; Ibadan (IVS and Upland) and Mokwa (Upland) in Nigeria. The CNP content of cassava leaves in IVS, Mokwa, and Upland ranged from 3.39 to 272.16 mg/100 g, 4.28 to 228.72 mg/100 g, and 13.13 to 127.39 mg/100 g, respectively. However, the respective CNP range in root samples across IVS, Mokwa, and Upland was 0.76–76.31 mg/100 g, 0.94–136.53 mg/100 g, and 2.37–47.11 mg/100 g. Also, the mean ± SD of DM content of leaves were 27.97 ± 3.01%, 28.81 ± 4.01%, and 13.65 ± 3.69%, respectively, in IVS, Mokwa, and Upland, while the root samples had mean ± SD of DM content of 38.09 ± 4.80%, 32.69 ± ,5.93% and 24.63 ± 5.07% respectively. Furthermore, location and genotype had a highly significant effect (p < 0.001) on the CNP and DM of roots and leaves. Also, linear regressions were established between CNP and DM of root and leaf with regression equation; DM-Root = 1.1999*DM-Leaf (r = 0.956) and CNP-Root = 0.29006*CNP-Leaf (r = 0.54). The relationship between the DM (root and leaf) and CNP (root and leaf) could serve as a valuable “inter-prediction” tool for these parameters.

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Germination of Cassava (Manihot Esculenta Crantz) Pollen

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

In vitro embryo rescue and plant regeneration following self-pollination with irradiated pollen in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz)

In vitro embryo rescue and plant regeneration following self-pollination with irradiated pollen in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz)

Viability, production and morphology of pollen grains for different species in the genus Manihot (Euphorbiaceae)

Correlate the cyanogenic potential and dry matter content of cassava roots and leaves grown in different environments

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