Germination of Seeds after Ingestion by Ring-Necked Pheasants

Swank, Wendell G.

doi:10.2307/3795702

Cited by 29 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…This is the case of many galliform game birds that often digest the seeds they eat, including grouse, quail, partridge, ptarmigan, pheasant, turkey, and domestic fowl (Beer and Tidyman 1942, Swank 1944, Krefting and Roe 1949, Schoeger 1960, Jimenez et al 1991. Although this phenomenon is best documented in economically important game and poultry species, many smaller birds in the wild -including shags, crows, jays, starlings, fruit pigeons, and woodpigeons -also consistently ingest and retain gizzard grit (Cowles and Goodwin 1959, Snow and Snow 1988, Lambert 1989, SiegelCausey 1990, Soler et al 1990, Best and Gionfriddo 1991.…”

Section: Hard Seeds As Gizzard Gritmentioning

confidence: 97%

Avian Dispersal of "Mimetic Seeds" of Ormosia lignivalvis by Terrestrial Granivores: Deception or Mutualism?

Peres¹,

Roosmalen²

1996

Oikos

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JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org..Wiley-Blackwell and Nordic Society Oikos are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Oikos. . M. 1996. Avian dispersal of "mimetic seeds" of Ormosia lignivalvis by terrestrial granivores: deception or mutualism? -Oikos 75: 249-258.Several tropical forest legume species producing hard and brightly-colored seeds, which apparently evolved as mimics of fleshy fruit and arillate-seed models, have been presumed to be dispersed by avian frugivores through non-mutualistic interactions involving sensorial deception. Here we examine the interactions between a typical so-called "mimetic seed" species and its potential dispersers in an Amazonian forest site, and propose that such interactions are best interpreted as mutualistic. Ormosia lignivalvis (Leguminosae: Papilionaceae) is a relatively rare but widespread canopy tree producing naked seeds with a conspicuous, bicolored (scarlet and black) hard seed coat, containing no nutrient rewards to its putative dispersers. Mature seeds are gradually released from dehiscent pods in a piecemeal fashion, during an extended fruiting period of up to 8 months, but may be retained by persistent funicles throughout the year. Intact Ormosia seeds were found in stomach contents of large-bodied terrestrial birds -including one tinamou, one trumpeter, and two cracid species -which appear to be the main dispersers. On the other hand, a total of 185 h of vigils of 5 fruiting tree crowns failed to result in any observed cases of seed removal by arboreal frugivores. Laboratory measurements of seed resistance, elasticity, and hardness showed that Ormosia seeds are extremely hard, and could, therefore, aid in the mechanical breakdown of softer seeds which make up a large proportion of the diet of these terrestrial granivores. We argue that the hard, non-elastic 0. lignivalvis seeds, and perhaps a number of other so-called mimetic-seed species, can function as similarly shaped and sized mineral grit universally swallowed by large gallinaceous birds, in that they help to crush and grind the mostly pliable seeds digested by their dispersers. This interaction is thus best described as a mutualism in that (1) Ormosia germination is greatly enhanced by the abrasive gut treatment of avian granivores, and (2) such birds would otherwise find no adequate gizzard grit substitutes in environments conspicuously lacking small pebbles, such as the lowland rainforests of sedimentary river basins of Amazonia.

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Section: Hard Seeds As Gizzard Gritmentioning

confidence: 97%

Avian Dispersal of "Mimetic Seeds" of Ormosia lignivalvis by Terrestrial Granivores: Deception or Mutualism?

Peres¹,

Roosmalen²

1996

Oikos

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“…I arbitrarily downgraded them to category C, although same (such as Cardinalis cardinalis, especially) eat a good deal of fruit. The digestion of seeds by these species may be highly selective (see Swank, 1944, for example), and these birds may be excellent dispersal agents for same plants, but I lack the requisite information to make a flner assessment. Likewise, I downgraded the orioles (Icterus spp.)…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Avian Frugivory and Seed Dispersal in Eastern North America

Willson

1986

Current Ornithology

124

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“…In North America, pheasants ( Phasianus colchicus and other species) have been reported to ingest and excrete viable seeds of Rosa spp. (Swank 1944). Common pheasant ( Phasianus colchicus ) is likely do the same in Europe, as it has been reported to feed on R. rugosa achenes during winter (Larsen 1944).…”

Section: Floral and Seed Charactersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rosa rugosaThunb. ex Murray

Bruun¹

2005

Journal of Ecology

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Germination of Seeds after Ingestion by Ring-Necked Pheasants

Cited by 29 publications

References 0 publications

Avian Dispersal of "Mimetic Seeds" of Ormosia lignivalvis by Terrestrial Granivores: Deception or Mutualism?

Avian Dispersal of "Mimetic Seeds" of Ormosia lignivalvis by Terrestrial Granivores: Deception or Mutualism?

Avian Frugivory and Seed Dispersal in Eastern North America

Rosa rugosaThunb. ex Murray

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