Germplasm banking of the giant kelp: Our biological insurance in a changing environment

Barrento, Sara; Camus, Carolina; Sousa-Pinto, Isabel; Buschmann, Alejandro H.

doi:10.1016/j.algal.2015.11.024

Cited by 44 publications

(45 citation statements)

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“…There is an urgent need to develop macroalgal germplasms, as it has been proposed for the giant kelp (Barrento et al . ), what has been done with commercial kelps in Asia (Pang et al . ; Shan et al .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, understanding the predomestication processes, which traits and which environmental factors of the cultivation system are involved, may allow maximizing the process itself and may be a cornerstone for future sustainability of seaweed aquaculture (Loureiro et al 2015, Valero et al in press). There is an urgent need to develop macroalgal germplasms, as it has been proposed for the giant kelp (Barrento et al 2016), what has been done with commercial kelps in Asia (Pang et al 1997;Shan et al 2016;Zhao et al 2016), and it is beginning to be developed in Europe (Peteiro & Freire 2014;Peteiro et al 2016). These initiatives will allow the conservation of the genetic diversity of the species selected for domestication.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Overview of 3 year precommercial seafarming of Macrocystis pyrifera along the Chilean coast

Camus

Infante

Buschmann

2016

Reviews in Aquaculture

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Chile is one of the main producers of seaweeds in the world; however, most of the production comes from harvesting natural beds and only 2.4% from cultures, dominated by the agarophyte Gracilaria chilensis. One of the most exploited resources is the giant kelp Macrocystis pyrifera, which is sold fresh for abalone feed and dry for alginate extraction. Recently, new possible markets are developing for this species, for example human consumption and biofuel/chemical production that could increase the demand and justify the development of a commercial cultivation system. The objective of this work was to present the recent development of the seafarming of M. pyrifera in Chile, focusing on the fundamental determinants of productivity in cultivated systems and the identification of the binding constraints to productivity. Three experimental plots (up to 21 Ha) were designed and deployed in three study areas (Caldera in northern Chile and Quenac and Ancud in southern Chile) to test different environmental conditions. During a period of 3 years, sporophytes produced in an indoor hatchery were deployed monthly, at different densities, and followed until harvest. Environmental parameters and biomass were monitored on a monthly basis. Our findings demonstrate the feasibility of Macrocystis seafarming on a large scale in Chile. Important differences in yield were observed between the study areas associated with either environmental physical or biological factors, such as the presence of herbivores. Our best production cycle reached 124 WMT Ha−1 month −1 in southern Chile, and the worst, less than 20 WMT Ha−1 month−1 in northern Chile. Finally, some direct and indirect constrains were encountered, including seeding season and depth, and the presence of pests and diseases, that are discussed.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of 3 year precommercial seafarming of Macrocystis pyrifera along the Chilean coast

Camus

Infante

Buschmann

2016

Reviews in Aquaculture

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“…Also, depending on the level of local genetic diversity, and how representative of this diversity the collection of the initial progenitors was, a breeding program could suffer from high rates of inbreeding and loss of allelic variation if the relationships between the breeding candidates were not considered when making selection decisions. Therefore, efforts to develop diversified germplasms for experimental evaluation of inbreeding effects and local adaptation may complement studies of natural populations, as well as promoting backup conservation strategies [30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of genetic and phenotypic diversity of the giant kelp, Macrocystis pyrifera, to support breeding programs

Camus¹,

Faugeron

Buschmann³

2018

Algal Research

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The accelerated development of seaweed aquaculture is stimulating research on the genetic drivers of phenotypic diversity of the target species, in order to optimize breeding strategies, to help determine the choice of source populations, and for the selection of traits and varieties that fit with the environmental variability of the production site. This study investigates the spatial variation of the genetic and phenotypic diversities in natural populations of the giant kelp Macrocystis pyrifera, and evaluates the potential for modifying agronomic traits through controlled breeding. Nine microsatellites and 12 morphological traits were used to describe the distribution of diversity present along the Southeastern Pacific (SEP) Coast. We expected concordant patterns of spatial discontinuities if the genetic background was driving morphological divergence across habitats. Crossing experiments were made to assess the heritability of specific traits and evaluate the performance of the F1 generation in the laboratory and in open sea cultivation respectively. Our results revealed four genetic clusters along the latitudinal distribution of M. pyrifera populations, tightly correlated with the existence of major environmental discontinuities. These clusters also matched clusters of morphological diversity, suggesting that both morphological and genetic diversities responded to the same environmental drivers. In crossing experiments, no significant differences were detected between selfed and outbred F1, in morphology, growth and chemical components, but a high variability among all different crosses was observed, revealing a high degree of heritable phenotypic variance. Although, the results suggest that the morphological variation of Macrocystis along the SEP coast is strongly driven by the genetic background. Our controlled crosses 3 were also indicative of a high potential for using this genetic variability in breeding programs for sustainable aquaculture development.

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“…Adams et al 2004), depending on species. Consequently, gene or germplasm banking approaches have been advocated as a biological insurance for future needs of aquaculture breeding and stock selection (Hulata 2001, Barrento et al 2016).…”

Section: Genetics and Biotechnologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate change and aquaculture: considering adaptation potential

Reid¹,

Gurney-Smith²,

Flaherty³

et al. 2019

Aquacult. Environ. Interact.

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Increases in global population and seafood demand are occurring simultaneously with fisheries decline in an era of rapid climate change. Aquaculture is well positioned to help meet the world's future seafood needs, but heavy reliance of most global aquaculture on the ambient environment and ecosystem services suggests inherent vulnerability to climate change effects. There are, however, opportunities for adaptation. Engineering and management solutions can reduce exposure to stressors or mitigate stressors through environmental control. Epigenetic adaptation may have the potential to improve stressor tolerance through parental or early life stage exposure. Stressor-resistant traits can be genetically selected for, and maintaining adequate population variability can improve resilience and overall fitness. Information at appropriate time scales is crucial for adaptive response, such as real-time data on stressor levels and/or species' responses, early warning of deleterious events, or prediction of longer-term change. Diet quality and quantity have the potential to meet increasing energetic and nutritional demands associated with mitigating the effects of abiotic and biotic climate change stressors. Research advancements in understanding how climate change affects aquaculture will benefit most from a combination of empirical studies, modelling approaches, and observations at the farm level. Research to support aquaculture adaptation requires an increasing amount of environmental data to guide biological response studies for regional applications. Increased experimental complexity, resources, and duration will be necessary to better understand the effects of multiple stressors. Ultimately, in order for aquaculture sectors to move beyond short-term coping responses, governance initiatives incorporating the changing needs of stakeholders, users, and culture ecosystems as a whole are required to facilitate planned climate change adaptation and mitigation.

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Germplasm banking of the giant kelp: Our biological insurance in a changing environment

Cited by 44 publications

References 44 publications

Overview of 3 year precommercial seafarming of Macrocystis pyrifera along the Chilean coast

Overview of 3 year precommercial seafarming of Macrocystis pyrifera along the Chilean coast

Assessment of genetic and phenotypic diversity of the giant kelp, Macrocystis pyrifera, to support breeding programs

Climate change and aquaculture: considering adaptation potential

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